蒙古语和韩国语的元音交替构词法

Abstract

The ablaut phenomenon exists in Mongolian and Korean. The study of ablaut is of great significance to the study of morphology of Mongolian and Korean and the comparison of Mongolian and Korean cognates. In fact, ablaut is not only related to word formation, but also related to inflection. The comparative study of word formation in two languages is also a new approach because there is little research on this aspect. It is not intended to simply summarize and list the similarities and differences between Mongolian and Korean ablauts, but to try to put forward own views on the word-formation methods and cognates of Mongolian and Korean through comparison. Some ablaut examples of two languages are shown below: Ablaut in Mongolian Ablaut Transliteration Word meaning ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ— ᠴᠡᠭᠡᠨ čaγan—čegen white ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠬᠤ — ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡᠬᠦ urbaqu—kürbekü overturn ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠤ — ᠲᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦ tabšiqu—tebšikü advance—rise Ablaut in Korean Ablaut Transliteration Word meaning 맛—멋 mas—məs taste— pose 밧다—벗다 pas da—pəs da take off 녹다 — 눅다 nok da—nuk da melt—slack In Mongolian and Korean, Ablaut generally appears in the form of the opposition between front and back vowels, the opposition between rounded and unrounded vowels, and the alternation of several vowels. This situation fully proves the similarity of vowel system between Mongolian and Korean. The composition of vowel system in Mongolian and Korean is similar. It not only has similar vowel-phonemic contrastive relationship, but also has similar qualitative distinctive characteristics for each vowel. Ablaut is a direct manifestation of the existence of front and back vowels in Mongolian and Korean. Mongolian and Korean seem to express the difference of pronoun's “far-near” meaning through ablaut. In this respect, Korean pronouns are more obvious, but this study found that Mongolian also has this possibility. Ablaut, as a word-building tool coexisting in the Altaic language family, can be used as a supplementary means to verify the common vocabulary of the Altaic language family. Based on this view, this paper makes a tentative comparative study of Mongolian and Korean vocabulary. The difficulty of vocabulary comparison between Korean and Altaic languages is the confusion and inconsistency of vowel correspondence. Ablaut may provide some clues to this situation. Therefore, this research can be done more systematically in the future.