고고학 자료로 본 발해와 위구르 제국 ― 콕샤로프카-8 유적을 중심으로 ―
Archaeological perspectives on relationship of Balhae and Uighur Khaganate
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
As we have seen in this paper, the excavation of Koksharovka opened the chapter of the new perspectives on the research of ‘Bohai as the active subject of the Eurasian route’ beyond ‘Balhae(Bohai) as a Korean history.’ The excavation of remains and ritual site(or mausoleum) of the Uighur Khaganate made it possible to speculate on the relationship between Balhae of Far East and the Eurasian steppe which E.V. Shavkunov suggested previously. Although Balhae was located in the Far East, they could make it possible to found a huge empire, based on active trades and interaction with neighboured area, especially with Eurasian steppe. The reason why Balhae expanded its territory to northward is one of dispute subject in recent years. However, researchers from different countries interpreted this phenomenon from their own perspective. However, excavations at the Koksharovka and Nikolaevka,-II located on the mountainous regions of Far Eastern region of Russia revealed that the Balhae site, located in the northern part engaged in economic activity to interact with the eurasian steppe area such as Uighur Khaganate and obtain special products of mountainous areas such as fur and ginseng. In other words, Balhae did not merely expand the territory, but went north to interact with the surrounding area and gain economic benefits. Like this, Koksharovka played a role in trading with mountain region (leather and ginseng) and central asia. Secondly, the foundation of Koksharovka could be dated to the middle of the 8th century until early part of the 9th century, in consideration with the flourishing period of the Uighur Empire. Third, Sogdian, belonged to Uighur Khaganate, played a major role in the artefact and remains of Eurasian steppe in Balhae sites. Fourth, Koksharovka's mausoleum was made by a group of migrated people from Uighur Khaganate. The interaction between Balhae and Central Asia give a shed light on the expansion of the Silk Road as well as the reason for Balhae' expansion to northward. Furthermore, it is significant that this new perspective could provide a new paradigm for Balhae study ‘Balhae as a Korean History,’ to ‘Balhae in the context of Eurasian medieval history.’
Abstract
As we have seen in this paper, the excavation of Koksharovka opened the chapter of the new perspectives on the research of ‘Bohai as the active subject of the Eurasian route’ beyond ‘Balhae(Bohai) as a Korean history.’ The excavation of remains and ritual site(or mausoleum) of the Uighur Khaganate made it possible to speculate on the relationship between Balhae of Far East and the Eurasian steppe which E.V. Shavkunov suggested previously. Although Balhae was located in the Far East, they could make it possible to found a huge empire, based on active trades and interaction with neighboured area, especially with Eurasian steppe. The reason why Balhae expanded its territory to northward is one of dispute subject in recent years. However, researchers from different countries interpreted this phenomenon from their own perspective. However, excavations at the Koksharovka and Nikolaevka,-II located on the mountainous regions of Far Eastern region of Russia revealed that the Balhae site, located in the northern part engaged in economic activity to interact with the eurasian steppe area such as Uighur Khaganate and obtain special products of mountainous areas such as fur and ginseng. In other words, Balhae did not merely expand the territory, but went north to interact with the surrounding area and gain economic benefits. Like this, Koksharovka played a role in trading with mountain region (leather and ginseng) and central asia. Secondly, the foundation of Koksharovka could be dated to the middle of the 8th century until early part of the 9th century, in consideration with the flourishing period of the Uighur Empire. Third, Sogdian, belonged to Uighur Khaganate, played a major role in the artefact and remains of Eurasian steppe in Balhae sites. Fourth, Koksharovka's mausoleum was made by a group of migrated people from Uighur Khaganate. The interaction between Balhae and Central Asia give a shed light on the expansion of the Silk Road as well as the reason for Balhae' expansion to northward. Furthermore, it is significant that this new perspective could provide a new paradigm for Balhae study ‘Balhae as a Korean History,’ to ‘Balhae in the context of Eurasian medieval history.’
참고문헌 (53)
- 강인욱, "춤추는 발해인" (2009), 주류성 출판사
- 강인욱, "古朝鮮의 毛皮貿易과 明刀錢", 한국고대사연구, (64), pp.243~284 (2011), 한국고대사학회
- 강인욱, "동북아시아 고대문화 교류속의 환동해문화권", pp.34~45 (2014), 국립문화재연구소
- 강인욱, "고고학으로 본 발해와 유라시아 초원로드의 관계", 제3회 학술대회 고대 북방 제민족의 고고학, pp.57~83 (2015), 경희대학교 한국 고대사고고학연구소
- E.I.GELMAN, "The results and meanings of the excavations of Balhae Sites in Russian Primorye", 고구려발해연구, 38, pp.233~254 (2010), 고구려발해학회
- 고영민, "러시아 연해주 크라스키노 성지 출토 발해 토기 연구", 석사, 사학과, pp.2012
- 연해주 콕샤로프카-1 평지성 I, "국립문화재연구소", 국립문화재연구소, ~ (2012)
- 연해주 콕샤로프카 유적 : 콕샤로프카-1 평지성, 콕샤로프카-9 석축구조물, "국립문화재연구소", 국립문화재연구소, ~ (2015)
- 김선민, "人蔘과 疆域 ― 後金-淸의 강역인식과 대외관계의 변화 ―", 명청사연구, (30), pp.227~257 (2008), 명청사학회
- 문화재청, "보도자료, 러시아 콕샤롭카 발해 유적 발굴조사 성과 공개 - 위구르계 토기 출토, 발해의 국제교류망 복원자료 확보", ~ (2014)
- 송기호, "발해건축사 연구 동향과 콕샤로프카1 성터 건물지의 성격", 건축역사연구, 21(1), pp.119~134 (2012), 한국건축역사학회
- 신형식, "羅唐間의 朝貢에 대하여", 역사교육, 10 (1969), 역사교육학회
- 양정필, "'조선인삼'의 기원에 대하여", 의사학, 13(1), pp.1~1 (2004), 대한의사학회
- (연해주에서 남아 있는)발해: 沿海州 渤海遺蹟 調査報告, "연해주문화유적조사단", 고려학술재단, ~ (1999)
- 이정록, "渤海醫學에 對한 硏究", 한국의사학회지, 19(1), pp.111~133 (2006), 한국의사학회
- 임누리, "渤海 土器 硏究", 석사, 고고미술사학과 고고학전공, pp.2014
- 정석배, "유물로 본 발해와 중부 - 중앙아시아지역 간의 문화교류에 대해", 고구려발해연구, 57, pp.59~91 (2017), 고구려발해학회
- 정재훈, "위구르 유목제국사 744~840" (2005), 문학과지성사
- 주류성 출판사, "한국의 고고학" (2014), 주류성출판사
- 클류예프 니콜라이, "러시아 연해주 콕샤로프카-1 평지성의 발해 건물지에 대한 일고찰", 인문학연구, (28), pp.283~303 (2015), 인문학연구원
- 한국인삼사 편찬위원회, "한국인삼사" (2002), 한국인삼사편찬위원회
- 한규철, "渤海와 遊牧王朝의 交流", 고구려발해연구, 34, pp.21~41 (2009), 고구려발해학회
- 홍형우, "연해주 북부와 아무르강 하류의 발해 시기 토기문화 고찰 - 포크로프카 문화에 대한 비판적 시각을 중심으로 -", 한국 시베리아연구, 21(2), pp.185~214 (2017), 한국-시베리아센터
- 홍형우, "연해주 스몰닌스크 문화에 대한 비판적 검토 -발해 문화와의 관련성을 중심으로-", 선사와 고대, (54), pp.229~258 (2017), 한국고대학회
- 马婧, "回鹘四方形与唐朝贵族墓葬比较研究", 硕士, pp.2001
- 阿拉腾其木格, "蒙古国新发掘回鹘贵族墓葬与唐代贵族墓葬比较研究", 碩士, pp.2014
- 中國社會科學院考古硏究所, "北庭高昌回鹘佛寺遗址" (1991)
- 塔拉, "蒙古国浩腾特苏木乌布尔哈布其勒三号四方形遗址发掘报告(2006年" (2008), 文物出版社
- ТД. Ч. II, "Проблемы археологиистепной Евразии", pp.1987, Варламов О.Б.
- Камалов А.К., "Древние уйгуры. VIII-IX вв", pp.216~ (2001), Наш мир
- Кызласов Л.Р., "История Тувы в средние века", pp.212~ (1969), МГУ
- Кызласов Л.Р., "Степи Евразии в эпохуСредневековья. Археология СССР", pp.52~54 (1981)
- Лешенко Н.В., "Средневековыедревности Приморья. Выпуск 2", pp.284~294 (2013), Дальнаука
- Лубо-Лесниченко Е.И., "Турды Госудрственного Эрмитажа. XXVII (Культура и искусство народовВостока. 9)", pp.4~9 (1989), Искусство
- Малявкин А.Г., "Материалы по истории уйгуров в IX-XII вв. том II", pp.210~ (1974)
- Малявкин A.Г., "Сибирь, Центральная и ВосточнаяАзия в средние века", pp.65~82 (1975)
- Малявкин А.Г., "Уйгурские государства в IX-XII вв", pp.297~ (1983)
- Медведев В.Е., "Курганы Приамурья", pp.221~ (1998)
- Савинов Д.Г., , pp.44~50 (2006), Летопись
- Савинов Д.Г., "Государства и культурогенез на территории Южной Сибири в эпохураннего средневековья", ~ (1994)
- Тихонов Д.И., "Хозяйство и общественный строй уйгурского государства X-XIV вв.М.-Л", 304~ (1966)
- Цэвээндорж Д., "Археология Монголии" (2009)
- Худяков Ю.С., "Центральная Азия исоседние территории в средние века", pp.84~89 (1990)
- Худяков Ю.С., "Керамика как исторический источник", pp.134~152 (1989)
- Худяков Ю.С., "Археология СевернойАзии", pp.85~94 (1982), Наука
- Шавкунов Э.В., "Соболья дорога согдийцев: Археол. данные", Россия и АТР, (1), pp.60~66 (1992)
- Шавкунов Э.В., "Проблемы древних культур Сибири: Сб. науч. ст", pp.146~155 (1985)
- Шавкунов Э.В., "Материалы поэтнокультурным связям народов Дальнего Востока в средние века: Сб. науч.тр", pp.100~105 (1988)
- Шавкунов Э.В., "Великий шелковый путь и Соболья дорога согдийцев", Формирование и развитие трасс Великого шелкового пути в ЦентральнойАзии в древности и средневековье: Тез. докл. Международ. семинараЮНЕСКО. - Самарканд, 1-6 окт. 1990 г, pp.73~76 (1990)
- Шавкунов Э.В., "Соболья дорога и Великий шелковый путь, Дальневосточнаяпанорама", Дальневосточнаяпанорама, 16~20 (1991)
- Эрдэнэболд Л., "Исследование саркофагов уйгурских аристократов на территорииМонголии, Древние Культуры Монголии и Байкальской Сибири (Изд-воИрГТУ, 2011) Вып. 2", 310~311 (2011)
- Turbat, "Encylopedia Xiongnu" (2011)
- Wright, David, "The Search for the Origins of the Jew’s Harp", The Silk Road, (2-2), pp.49~55 (2004), Silk Road Foundation