대승불교 전파경로의 불교미술에 보이는 袈裟 유형 연구
A Study on the Type of ‘Kasaya’ in Buddhist Art in the Route of Mahayana Buddhism Propagation
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The ‘Kasaya (袈裟)’ are costumes worn by Buddhist practitioners. It is composed ‘Sam-ui’ of the Antarvasa (安陀會), Uttarasanga (鬱多羅僧) and Saṃghati (僧伽梨). The structure of the ‘Haljeol (割截)’ is different depending on the purpose and rank. The ‘Kasaya’ go through various changes as they flow from India through the Western Regions to China and Korea, that is, into Mahayana Buddhism. The purpose of this study is to research the changes in the type as the ‘Kasaya’ spread to China through the West, along with Buddhism that began in India. The research method extracted names related to the type of ‘Kasaya’ in the literature of Buddhist scriptures, and classified the types by conducting empirical studies on the ‘Kasaya’ worn by Buddhist monk's statue and Buddha statues among Buddhist art in Mahayana Buddhism. The types of‘Kasaya’shown in the this study are ‘Sam-ui (三衣)’, ‘Haljeol-ui (割截衣)’, ‘Man-ui (縵衣)’, ‘Cheopsang-ui (貼相衣)’ and ‘Nap-ui (衲衣)’. Sam-ui is called a partial type of ‘Kasaya’ because it made by connecting carved fabrics has rectangular shape. The ‘Man-ui’ is composed of a rectangular fabric itself, the ‘Nap-ui’ is the Bunso-ui made by ragged clothes, and the ‘Cheopsang-ui’ is a type of fabric that has the shape of a rice field image by adding pieces fabrics compose leaves or sections on the ‘Man-ui’. The types of ‘Kasaya’ seen in Buddhist art in the route of Mahayana Buddhism's transmission change according to the characteristics of the region. The Mathura and Gandhara regions of India are mainly seen wear ‘Sam-ui’ in the type of ‘Man-ui’. The ‘Kasaya’ types are first identified; of the partial type are from Kumtura cave (the 4th ~ 11th centuries), the ‘Cheopsang-ui’ type are from Donhwang cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386∼534) and the ‘Nap-ui’ type in the Donhwang cave during the Sui Dynasty (581∼619). In this way, it can be seen that the partial type of ‘Kasaya’ stipulated in Yuljang began in the Kumtura cave and spread to China along the Silk Road. Additionally, influencing on the location and environment, the pattern of clothing changed to wearing support clothes such as Danryeongpo, Pyeonsam, and Jikryeongpo in the ‘Kasaya’. The style of clothing has now been established and inherited as Jangsam in Mahayana Buddhism.
Abstract
The ‘Kasaya (袈裟)’ are costumes worn by Buddhist practitioners. It is composed ‘Sam-ui’ of the Antarvasa (安陀會), Uttarasanga (鬱多羅僧) and Saṃghati (僧伽梨). The structure of the ‘Haljeol (割截)’ is different depending on the purpose and rank. The ‘Kasaya’ go through various changes as they flow from India through the Western Regions to China and Korea, that is, into Mahayana Buddhism. The purpose of this study is to research the changes in the type as the ‘Kasaya’ spread to China through the West, along with Buddhism that began in India. The research method extracted names related to the type of ‘Kasaya’ in the literature of Buddhist scriptures, and classified the types by conducting empirical studies on the ‘Kasaya’ worn by Buddhist monk's statue and Buddha statues among Buddhist art in Mahayana Buddhism. The types of‘Kasaya’shown in the this study are ‘Sam-ui (三衣)’, ‘Haljeol-ui (割截衣)’, ‘Man-ui (縵衣)’, ‘Cheopsang-ui (貼相衣)’ and ‘Nap-ui (衲衣)’. Sam-ui is called a partial type of ‘Kasaya’ because it made by connecting carved fabrics has rectangular shape. The ‘Man-ui’ is composed of a rectangular fabric itself, the ‘Nap-ui’ is the Bunso-ui made by ragged clothes, and the ‘Cheopsang-ui’ is a type of fabric that has the shape of a rice field image by adding pieces fabrics compose leaves or sections on the ‘Man-ui’. The types of ‘Kasaya’ seen in Buddhist art in the route of Mahayana Buddhism's transmission change according to the characteristics of the region. The Mathura and Gandhara regions of India are mainly seen wear ‘Sam-ui’ in the type of ‘Man-ui’. The ‘Kasaya’ types are first identified; of the partial type are from Kumtura cave (the 4th ~ 11th centuries), the ‘Cheopsang-ui’ type are from Donhwang cave in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386∼534) and the ‘Nap-ui’ type in the Donhwang cave during the Sui Dynasty (581∼619). In this way, it can be seen that the partial type of ‘Kasaya’ stipulated in Yuljang began in the Kumtura cave and spread to China along the Silk Road. Additionally, influencing on the location and environment, the pattern of clothing changed to wearing support clothes such as Danryeongpo, Pyeonsam, and Jikryeongpo in the ‘Kasaya’. The style of clothing has now been established and inherited as Jangsam in Mahayana Buddhism.
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