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자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 읽기 교수에 대한 실태와 특수교사의 인식

The Status and Recognition on Teaching Reading of Special Education Teachers for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

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자폐스펙트럼장애 학생은 단어재인능력은 뛰어나지만 읽기이해력에는 많은 어려움을 겪는다. 읽기는 도구 교과로서 모든 학습의 기초이며, 졸업 이후 경제적 삶을 영위 및 미래 삶의 질을 영위하기 위해서는 필수적인 분야이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 특수교사를 대상으로 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생의 읽기 교수 전략, 인식 및 어려움을 알아보고 향후 이들의 읽기 교수를 위한 방향성의 제안에 목적을 두고 있다. 설문은 선행연구를 참조하여 구성한 후 특수교사 및 전문가로부터의 검증을 받은 후에 전국에 있는 지적장애, 정서행동장애 학교로 발송하였다. 총 248부의 설문지룰 토대로 읽기 교수 실태 및 인식에 대해서는 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 또한 교수 시 겪는 어려움에 대해서는 내용 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 자폐스펙트럼장애 학생을 대상으로 가장 많은 비중을 두고 중재하는 분야는 문해 영역으로 나타났다. 교수를 위한 제재로 교과서가 가장 많이 활용되고 있었으며. 읽기 하위 분야 중에서는 단어재인을 많이 가르치고 있었다. 교수의 형태는 소그룹 또는 개별화지도가 주를 이루었다. 읽기 교수에 대한 인식에서 특수교사는 음운인식을 교수하는 것은 읽기와 쓰기를 위한 기초를 이룬다는 항목에서 대해서는 많은 동의를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 읽기 교수 시 어려움은 언어적 특성, 자폐성 장애학생들의 독특한 특성 및 교육적 측면에서의 어려움으로 나누어볼 수 있었다. 연구 결과에 따른 논의를 실시하였다.

Abstract

Reading is an essential ability for achieving academic success at school and maintaining economic status in the future for the students of autism spectrum disorders. Thus the aim of this study was to identify how special education teachers taught them to read, recognize the reading instruction and to distinguish what difficulties they were having on instruction for students with autism spectrum disorders in order to suggest better ways of teaching reading. The survey questionnaire has been developed based on the previous research and has been reviewed by experts on its validity. The final survey was done toward 248 special education teachers who works in intellectual disability special schools and emotional behavior special schools as a national unit. The results were as follows. The number one area of instruction for students with autism spectrum disorders was literacy instruction. They devoted much time on teaching word recognition. They recognized positively teaching phonological awareness is a basis for teaching reading and writing. They expressed their difficulties in teaching reading as caused by autism students' language characteristics and the characteristics of autism,

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