자폐성장애 학생의 읽기 특성, 교수 실제 및 지원 방안에 관한 특수교사의 인식
Perception of Special Education Teachers toward Reading Characteristics of Students with ASD: Reading, Teaching Methods, and Educational Supports
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초록
읽기 교과는 자폐성장애 학생의 교과 학습 및 직업을 얻고 유지하는데 있어 아주 중요한 역할을 하나 자폐성장애 학생이 지니는 고유의 특성으로 인하여 현장의 교사들은 읽기 지도에 많은 어려움을 겪는다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 특수교육 현장에서 근무하는 교사들을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 자폐성장애 학생의 읽기 특성을 어떻게 인식하며. 읽기 지도의 실제는 어떠하며, 이들을 위한 읽기 지도를 위한 지원방향은 어떻게 되어야 하는 가를 알아보았다. 본 연구 3개의 상위 주제에 따른 9개의 하위 주제로 결과가 도출되었다. 첫째, 특수교사들은 자폐성장애 학생의 읽기 특성에서 인지, 언어, 의사소통 및 협소한 관심과 수동성으로 어렵지만, 단어재인 능력과 학습능력에서 뛰어난 장점을 지니고 있는 것으로 인식하고 있었다. 둘째, 자폐성장애 학생에게 읽기 지도를 할 때 두드러진 점은 시각적 매체의 활용과 체험을 중심으로 한 통합적 접근으로 나타났다. 셋째, 효과적인 읽기 교수를 위한 방안으로 수업 시 활용 가능성이 높은 프로그램의 개발을 많이 요구하였다. 또한 자폐성장애 학생의 읽기 지도를 위해서는 교사의 교육과정 재구성 역량이 강화될 필요성이 있다고 인식하고 있었다. 본 연구결과에 따른 시사점을 논의하였다.
Abstract
It is very important to teach students with ASD to read because it will be crucial prerequisite components for their future employment for students with autism spectrum disorders, but the teachers in the field feel difficulties for teaching them reading cause of ASDs‘ characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify how teachers perceived the characteristics of ASDs, how they taught them reading, and what needed to support for them to teach reading through focus group interviews with 13 special education teachers. three main topics were identified and constructed through the interviews. the participants showed their perceptions toward students with ASD as follows: (1) it is pretty difficult to teach them to read because of their low cognitive levels and language impairment. but students with ASD had great priority on word recognition and learning abilities relatively. (2) it was effective to use visual prompting materials with other multiple instructional methods and applying integrated approaches which were based on their experiences. (3) they showed a desire to develop instructional programs which could be implemented during their class. The participants also showed a strong perception of the importance of curriculum modifications. We discussed on how special education teachers teach students with ASDs to read based on the results.
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