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시각장애아동과 정안아동의 리듬 수행력과 작업 기억력에 대한 비교

A Comparative Study of Rhythm Performance Capabilities and Working Memory between Children with Visual Impairment and Those with Normal Vision

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초록

연구목적: 시각장애아동과 정안아동의 리듬 수행력과 작업 기억을 비교하고, 리듬 수행력과 작업 기억 간의 관련성을 살펴보는 데에 목적이 있다. 연구방법: 초등학교 4-6학년 총 68명(시각장애아동 31명, 정안아동 37명)이 연구에 참여하였다. 자가탭핑검사를 통해 두 집단의 리듬 동조화 능력에 차이가 없음을 확인 한 후, 리듬 수행 과제와 작업 기억 과제를 시행하였다. 리듬 수행 과제는 총 20문항으로 1단계(10문항)에서는 리듬 산출의 정확도(accuracy)를 측정하고, 2단계(10문항)에서는 그룹핑(grouping) 능력을 확인하였다. 작업 기억 과제는 숫자폭 검사(DST)를 사용하였는데, 이는 숫자바로따라말하기(DSF)와 숫자거꾸로따라말하기(DSB)로 구성하였다. 연구결과: 첫째, 리듬 수행 과제 총점은 시각장애아동이 유의하게 높았다. 정확도는 정안아동이 다소 높았으나 유의한 차이가 없었고, 그룹핑은 시각장애아동이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 작업 기억 과제인 DST에서는 DSF와 DSB 모두 시각장애아동이 유의하게 높은 점수를 보였다. 셋째, 두 집단 모두 리듬 수행력과 작업 기억 간의 정적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 특히 리듬 산출의 그룹핑과 DSB 항목은 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 시각장애아동의 리듬 수행력을 정확하게 이해하고, 리듬 수행력과 작업 기억 간의 관련성을 면밀히 분석하였다는 데에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Purpose: To compare rhythmic performances and working memory as well as the relationship between those two measurements of children with visual impairment (VI) and those with normal vision (NV). Method: 68 elementary school students between the 4th and 6th grades (31 VI and 37 NV) participated in the study. After verifying that there was no difference in the rhythmic synchronization abilities between the two groups through a self-paced tapping evaluation, they were given assignments to measure their rhythmic performances and working memory of their tasks. The rhythmic performance task comprised of 20 questions, with the first 10 questions gauging the accuracy of rhythm reproduction, while the latter 10 questions measured their grouping ability. A digit span test was used to evaluate working memory, including DSF and DSB. Results: First, VI scored significantly higher in the rhythm performance and grouping tests. NV were better in accuracy with no significant difference. Second, VI also performed better in working memory, from the results of the digit span test in both DSF and DSB. Finally, both groups demonstrated the positive relationships between rhythm performance and working memory. Conclusion: The study is meaningful in deeply understanding the rhythm performance capability of VI as well as in analyzing the relationships between the rhythm performance capabilities and the working memory of both groups.

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