자폐 범주성 장애 청소년 및 성인을 위한 직업기술 중재 연구의 연구동향 및 질적 분석: 국내외 단일대상연구를 중심으로
A Systematic Review of Single Subject Design Research on Vocational Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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초록
자폐 범주성 장애 청소년이 성인기로 전환하는 시기에 실행하고 있는 직업관련 중재에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 연구목적: 본 연구는 2000년부터 2016년까지 발표된 자폐 범주성 장애 청소년 및 성인을 위한 직업기술 중재 연구의 동향을 알아보고 선행연구를 참고하여 구성한 질적지표에 따라 체계적으로 분석하였다. 연구방법: EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, ERIC, DBPIA, KISS, RISS의 데이터베이스를 사용하고, 선행연구의 참고문헌을 참고하여 21편의 단일대상연구를 선정하였고, 참여자 특성, 연구 방법, 중재내용, 목표기술, 결과로 구성한 분석틀과 특수교육 분야의 증거기반 실제를 위한 질적지표를 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과:.총 21편 중에서 14편의 연구가 중다기초선설계를 사용하였고, 연구 참여자로는 고등학생이 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 중재유형에서는 비디오 모델링과 음성 촉진을 사용한 컴퓨터 보조 교수가 가장 많이 사용되었고, 목표기술로는 사무직 기술, 요리기술, 관리 및 청소기술, 배달 기술, 제조 기술 등의 순으로 다양한 영역에 걸쳐 사용되었다. 특수교육 분야의 증거기반 실제를 위한 CEC 지표를 모두 만족하는 논문은 없었다. 결론: 직업중재의 결과로 참여자들의 목표행동을 수행하는 정확도가 높아지고, 독립적으로 업무를 수행하는 비율이 증가하였다. 국내외 직업 기술을 중재한 21편의 연구 결과를 토대로 향후 연구주제와 관련 연구 활성화 등이 논의되었다.
Abstract
As individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD) transition to adulthood, there is very little evidence and specific information available for vocational interventions. Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to analyze vocational intervention for adolescents and young adults with ASD. Method: This study reviewed vocational interventions for individuals with ASD that have been published abroad and domestically from 2000 to 2016. Authors assessed 21 single-subject studies against inclusion/exclusion criteria and analyzed data regarding participant characteristics, research design, intervention settings, intervention types, and outcomes, and Council for Exceptional Children(CEC) standards of evidence-based practices. Results: Vocational studies are increased from since 2000 and most studies published after 2005. Among 21 studies, 14 studies used a multiple-baseline design and high school students were popular participants in studies compared to the numbers of young adults and middle students. The most studied intervention types were computer-assisted instruction that include video modeling and audio prompts. Vocational interventions were used to improve clerical skills, cooking skills, cleaning, operating skills, delivery skills, manufacturing skills. There was no study met CEC standards. Conclusion: Twenty-one studies have been conducted to assess vocational interventions for adolescents and young adults with ASD. Each study showed that vocational interventions were effective in increasing accuracy of work performance, work efficiency, and independence. Based on these results future research direction and recommendations were discussed.
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