자폐 범주성 장애 유아를 대상으로 부모가 개입한 사회성 및 의사소통 기술 중재 연구 분석 - 국외 단일대상연구를 중심으로 -
Research Trend of Parent-Implemented Intervention Studies - Promoting the Social and Communicative Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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초록
본 연구는 자폐 범주성 장애 유아의 부모 개입 중재 중 유아의 사회성 및 의사소통 기술 촉진을 위한 국외 단일대상 연구들을 분석하여, 연구의 개괄적인 특성, 효과크기, 부모 훈련의 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 2002년부터 2012년까지의 부모 개입 중재 연구들이 분석 대상 논문이 되었으며, 연구 대상에 부합한 논문은 20편이였다. 사회적, 의사소통적 기술 촉진을 위한 중재는 다양하였으며 그 중 중심축 반응 훈련(PRT)이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 부모 개입 중재는 모든 연구의 결과에서 효과적이었다고 보고하고 있다. 본 연구의 효과크기 분석에서는 비중복 자료 비율(PND)을 사용하여 연구마다 다양한 결과를 내어 매우 큰 효과크기(비중복 자료 비율 90초과)부터 효과 없음(비중복 자료 비율 50미만)을 나타내었으며 평균적으로는 효과가 작음의 크기를 나타내었다. 부모훈련의 특성을 살펴보면 회기 및 훈련 시간 등은 다양하였고, 평균적으로 5개 이상의 교수요소를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 분석결과를 토대로 자폐 범주성 장애 유아의 사회적, 의사소통적 기술 촉진을 위한 부모 개입 중재의 향후 연구와 현장적용의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to review the literature(2002-2012) on interventions aimed of enhancing the social and communication behavior of children with autism spectrum disorders. Twenty studies coded for overview. Interventions to promote the social and communicative behavior were various, the most frequently used intervention methods were Pivotal Response Training. All 20 studies reported positive outcomes for parents and children. This article evaluated effect size of the literature, from highly effective to ineffective. On average, effect size was questionably effective. According to parent training method, duration of parent training was diverse, instruction methods were employed at least five method. Based on the results, this literature could help researchers and educators to consider option for intervention and future research. Implications for research and education were discussed following the literature review.
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