미국교정에 있어서 수용자인권문제의 변화양상에 대한 고찰
Looking over the Historical Changes of Inmates Rights in the U. S.
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본 논문은 미국교정에 있어서 수용자인권의 신장과정과 제한적 조치의 내용을 대표성있는 대법원판례를 중심으로 1960년대 이후부터 시대순으로 정리하고 그 사회적 배경을 기술한다. 또한 수용자소송과 관련된 수정헌법 조문을 기준으로 각 권리영역에 속하는 소송결과를 나열함으로써 수용자의 권리가 신장되는 과정에서도 수용자권리보호와 시설의 안전과 질서유지 사이에 일정한 균형이 시도되고 있음을 보여준다. 끝으로, 미국과 우리나라에서 공통적으로 발견되는 정치사회적 분위기에 크게 영향을 받는 수용자인권정책이 그 한계를 벗어나 보다 근본적인 접근이 필요함을 제시한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine changing trends of inmates rights and inmates litigation being occured since 1960s in the United States, and propose the future direction for inmates rights policy in Korea. Correctional issues including inmates rights problems must be discussed in their proper social context, because a prison is no longer an institution alienated from society. There are always conflicts between prisoners' rights and the need for correctional institutions to maintain internal safety and order. Leaning to one side over the other side tends to depend on the social and political climate at the time. Such trends are well shown in the cases of the U.S and Korea. The chapter Ⅱ describes the contends and historical background of inmates' rights improvement since 1960s, and the chapter Ⅲ presents major factors affecting inmates rights limitation from the mid of 1990s. The chapter Ⅳ sorts out Supreme Court's precedents related to inmates rights improvement and limitation. In general, prisoner litigation involving constitutional rights focuses on the First, Fourth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S constitution.
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