论《正音咀华》的声母系统

Abstract

"Zheng Yin Ju Hua"(《正音咀华》) is a book written by manchu person Sha Yi-zun to teach the Cantonese to learn Mandarin in the late Qing Dynasty. Through a through examination on the notes of the pronunciation of the words in this book, we found that there are two sets of initial systems in it. One is displayed ostensibly by the author, in which ““Jianyin””(尖音) and ““Tuanyin””（团音） coexisted and there was still a ““Weimu””（微母），while the other is revealed by the notes of the pronunciation of the words in it, in which ““Jianyin”” and ““Tuanyin”” are pronounced the same and there was not a ““Weimu”” any more. The former was the author’s ideal initial system, while the latter was the actual mandarin initial pronunciation system at that time. Based on this, we think that though the definitions of ““Zhengyin””and ““Beiyin”” given by the author were different, they were actually the same thing, and the mandarin taught in this book was probably the Beijing Sound.