전문대학 지적자본의 구성요인이 성과에 미치는 관계분석 연구
Junior College Intellectual Capital Components and Their Relations with Performance
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초록
한국의 전문대학은 최근 노동시장의 인력수요 변화, 고등교육기관 과잉 공급, 성과와 정부의 재정지원 연계, 직업교육의 낙인효과, 학령인구의 감소 등으로 정체성 위기와 존립위기를 동시에 겪고 있다. 오늘날 전문대학이 이러한 상황을 극복하고 전문대학에 부여된 기능을 충실히 수행하기 위해서는 지적자본을 측정할 수 있는 기초적 토대가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 전문대학의 지적자본을 인적자본, 구조적자본, 관계적자본으로 분류하여 성과에 미치는 관계를 분석하였다. 인적자본의 세부요소는 역량강화 및 향상활동 수준, 구성원 만족도, 몰입, 동기로 제시하였다. 구조적자본의 세부 구성요인은 인사선발 시스템, 성과보상 시스템, 정보시스템의 효율성, 참여적 조직문화로 제시였다. 관계적자본은 이해관계자 협력과 홍보활동으로 제시하였다. 성과자료는 대학정보공시센터의 연구성과, 재정지원사업 수혜금액, 신입생 충원율, 재학생 충원율, 졸업생 취업률 자료를 활용하였다. 연구결과 전문대학의 지적자본 세부 구성요인들은 독립적으로 작용하는 것이라 유기적으로 연결되어 성과에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 전문대학은 이해관계자와의 협력과 교류가 궁극적으로 전문대학의 성과에 기여하는 중요한 무형자산으로 나타났다. 전문대학을 대상으로 지적자본을 측정하는 연구는 현재 초기단계이며, 대학의 주요 역할이 지식의 생산과 분배임을 감안할 때 대학의 지적자본을 측정하는 연구는 추후 활발히 진행될 필요가 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 상대적으로 미진한 전문대학의 지적자본에 관한 이론적 체계와 지적자본의 경로를 분석할 수 있는 틀을 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
Abstract
Junior college in Korea has recently been going through an identity crisis simultaneously with an existential crisis due to a recent change in the labor market demand, excess supply of higher educational institutions, performance-based government financial support for junior colleges, the labeling effect of vocational training, decrease in the school-age population, and so on. In order to overcome this situation and perform its own duties and functions, there should be a basic foundation to measure the intellectual capital. This study analyzed the effect of intellectual capital on performance by categorizing into human capital, structural capital and relation capital. The detailed components of human capital are reinforcement capability, improvement activity level, employee satisfaction, engagement, and motivation. The detail components of structural capital are personnel selection, performance reward system, efficiency of information system, and participative organizational culture. According to the study, the intellectual capital components of junior college do not work independently. They are rather linked to each other to influence on the college performance. The cooperation and exchange with stakeholder in junior college are eventually the intangible assets that contribute to performance of junior college. The research to measure the intellectual capital in junior college is still in early stage. Considering the colleges play a key role in producing and distributing knowledge, the study of measuring intellectual capital of college needs to be in progress more actively. In this regard, this research makes some meaningful contributions in analyzing theoretical system and path of intellectual capital which has not been covered relatively well.
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