혁신형 중소기업에서 지적자본이 기업성과에 미치는 영향
The Effects Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance in Innovation Type SMEs
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최근 혁신형 중소기업 육성을 위한 경쟁력 강화방안으로서 지적자본에 관한 관심이 커지고 있으며, 이에 따라 지적자본이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 지적자본(intellectual capital)은 기업성과와 직결된 지식, 경험, 전문성과 관련된 비재무적인 소프트 자산으로서, 조직 경쟁우위의 가장 중요한 원천으로 미래 조직의 가치 증진에 기여할 수 있는 가시적으로는 파악되지 않는 보이지 않는 무형자산의 총합이다. 지적자본이 경쟁우위의 원천이라면 지적자본이 성과에 미치는 영향도 검증할 필요가 있으나, 기존 연구들은 지적자본 구성요소중 일부를 선택하여 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 있어 지적자본을 통합하여 성과와의 관계를 규명하는 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 혁신형 중소기업들을 대상으로 이들에게 적합한 지적자본의 정의를 재정립하고 구성요소들을 분류하여, 이들 요소들과 성과간 관계를 실증분석하고 있다. 분석 결과 6개의 가설 중 4개가 채택되었다. 지적자본 구성요소간 관계에서, 인적자본이 구조적자본과 고객자본에, 구조적자본은 고객자본에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 지적자본과 기업성과간 관계에서는 고객자본만 기업성과에 직접적으로 긍정적 영향을 미치며, 인적자본과 구조적자본은 기업성과에 미치는 영향이 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Recently, there has been increasing attention about intellectual capital as a measure of competitiveness for innovation type SMEs and their impacts on Firm performance. However, there was little research which verify empirically the relationship between intellectual capita; and firm peformance. This research scrutinizes the effects of intellectual capital components on firm performance. Based on literature review, 6 hypotheses are developed and empirically tested. The results are as follows, The hypotheses about relationships between components of intellectual capital are supported. Human capital positively affects structural and customer capital, and structural capital positively affects customer capital. Of the hypotheses about intellectual capital and firm performance, only customer capital's effect on firm performance is supported. The effects of human capital and structural capital on firm performance are not supported.
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