임진왜란 시기 명군지휘부의 조선에 대한 요구와 간섭

Abstract

Claiming to be acting as an army of ‘salvation’ during the Japanese invasion, Ming’s army commanders who served in Joseon took operational control of Korean troops. Ming’s army commanders issued these and other requirements for Joseon as a ‘military advisors’ since then. However, the nature of the request and meddling of Ming’s army commanders were revealed through the changes in the battle situation and Ming’s internal political situation. Ming’s army commnaders generally showed the appearance of acting as an army of ‘salvation’ in that Ming didn’t start the battle against Japan whether Ming sent troops to Joseon or not yet entered Joseon. Examples include previous cases in which Zuchengxun(祖承訓)’s commanding troops came into Joseon and Leerusong(李如松)’s army entering Joseon. At that time, Ming ordered Joseon to resist to the end, not give up and also urged people of Joseon to raise an army in the cause of justice because Ming was concerned that Joseon would be destroyed by Japan. Since Ming came to Joseon and battled Japan, Ming assumed the appearance of self-defense troops and occupation forces. In July 1592 when Zuchengxun’s army was defeated in Pyongyang and in January 1593 shortly after Leerusong’s army was defeated in Byeokje(碧蹄), Ming poured forth all sorts of demands as ‘occupiers’ when Jingli(經理, Chief commander) Yanghao(楊鎬) encouraged Joseon to fight fiercely in 1597. One of the most frequent demands was to timely supply provisons for the army and give fodder to horses. And when Ming lost the battle with the Japanese and when intense debates over peace settlement was going on, Ming’s army commanders forced orders and reprimands far beyond its actual support level and beyond just ‘demands’ for Joseon. Asking the prince Gwanghae(光海君) to dedicate to military matters in 1593, accusing that “Joseon wants to make overtures for peace with Japan” to the emperor of Ming Dysnasty in 1594, claiming that Ming should directly govern Joseon, and making spiteful remarks like ‘rather give away the land to Japan’ were prime examples. Meanwhile, when the war entered a lull through peace talks and Japanese military withdrew by the end of the war, Ming’s army commanders presented a variety of interference in Joseon in the name of Chaoxianshanhoushiyi(朝鮮善後事宜. future measures to establish Joseon appropriately). Such were conducted in the guise of overcoming effeminacy, upgrading military equipment, developing silver mines and increasing the wealth of Joseon through putting money into circulation, stabilizing the Joseon population by reducing taxes and moderating punishment and engaging men of ability. In short, Ming gave the appearance of being a self-defense force and military occupiers when fighting in Joseon while advocating a ‘salvation army’ during the Imjin War(Japanese invasion of Joseon in 1592~1598). And that was the inevitable consequence arising from their original intent to secure its safety and Liadong province by blocking the Japanese army in Joseon.