18~19세기 仁川 德積島 住民들의 거주 양상－金海 金氏 일가의 古文書 분석 사례－

Abstract

This paper analyzes ancient documents and census registers related to Kimhae(金海) Kim(金) family, Deokjeok-do(island) in the half of the 17th century. Its members left fifty-eight sheets of material about their lives in the island. Fifty-one of them are census registers, and the rest are certificates of appointment and agreements for deed, etc. In case of ancient documents of Joseon Dynasty era, almost of them have been preserved by descendants of yangban(兩班) who have lived inland area. It is very rare that insular people from non-yangban class have kept nearly sixty sheets of paper and introduce them to the academic world. Thanks to them, we were able to understand how they have lived during the latter period of Joseon Dynasty era. The results are as follows. First of all, Kimhae Kim Family’s people moved to Deokjeok-do in the former period of the 18th century. Their migration was a government policy to reinforce maritime defense. The government set up the naval post and moved people there, when pirates began to appear frequently. Secondly, its people were originally commoners when they first moved to the island. Some of them were yangban or middle-class since mid-19th century, while rest of them were commoners even in the end of the 19th century. Generally speaking, the family had flourished ever since, and was able to be one of the strongest family in the island. Thirdly, it is common that children’s names were not written on the census register during the Joseon Dynasty era. However, people of Kimhae Kim family wrote all the names of their children, even their young daughter. There are no children's names on the census register written in other islands with the naval post. It seems that they had a very different idea about their children.