20세기 통일 베트남 만들기: 지역주의의 충돌과 극복

Abstract

This article argues the importance of the regionalism in looking at the history of Vietnam during the 20th century. The regionalism has a deep root in the history of Vietnam and it has become a strong tradition in consideration of the Vietnamese politics. And the consideration of the regionalism is much more effective tool to understand the 20th century history of Vietnam than the way of analysis on the ideological confrontations. In accordance to the historical process of Vietnam to expand to south, nam tien, Vietnam formed a very long (north-south) shape of its own. Its significant consequence was regional difference, and the most clear division was among the north, the center, and the south that had been the regions of Vietnamese, Cham, and Khmer. In addition, during the 20th century, the central highland which had been dominant by the populations of Malay and Khmer ethnics became the part of Vietnam causing another regional tension. The second chapter discusses that the series of historic events such as independence movements, revolutions, and wars were to be understood in the context of the regionalism. For example, the 'NLF(Viet Cong)' was of southern Vietnam, the Saigon government was of the people from central Vietnam, and Hanoi government in the north. So that the war of the 20th century could be understood as the war among the three political factions discarding the traditional belief that the war was the unification war between north and south based on the ideological difference. Various efforts to make one country after the unification were introduced in the chapter three. But the author clearly categorizes those efforts into the works of 'exclusive incorporation' and of 'inclusive incorporation' introducing the examples such as operating of the re-education camp for the former case, and the launch of the doi moi policy for the latter case.