국내기업과 외국기업간 근로자의 임금 격차 패널자료를 이용한 진입유형별 분석
Wage Gaps between Foreign Firms and Domestic Firms: Evidence from Panel Data for Korea
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초록
2000년대 후반 들어 고용문제가 악화되면서 외국인직접투자 유치에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라 본고는 국내에서 영업중인 외국인직접투자기업이 양질의 고용을 창출하는지를 분석하였다. 2000년부터 2009년까지의 기업단위 자료를 활용하였으며 진입형태별로 차이가 있는지, 그리고 업종별로 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 패널분석 결과 제조업의 경우 외투기업에 종사하는 노동자 1인당 인건비가 국내기업에 비해 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으나 서비스업의 경우 유의한 차이를 찾기 어려웠다. 한편 외국인투자기업의 특성과 국내기업의 특성이 평균적으로 매우 다를 수 있다는 점을 감안하여 성향점수매칭(Popensity Score Matching)방법을 활용하였다. 제조업에서는 외투기업의 1인당 인건비가 국내기업에 비해 유의하게 높다는 것을 다시 한번 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 서비스업의 경우 외투기업의 1이당 인건비가 국내기업에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다만 진입형태별로 구분하면 M&A 형태로 진입한 외투기업의 1인당 인건비가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다.
Abstract
To attract foreign direct investment(FDI), the Korean government have adopted various incentive system. Foreign firms have created numerous jobs for host countries. However, it is difficult to observe directly whether wage per worker of a foreign-owned firm is relatively higher than that of a domestically-owned firm. Using various method, this paper examined whether foreign firm's wage is higher than that of domestic firm. For empirical analysis, we developed panel data on the entire set of manufacturing and service enterprises in South Korea from 2000 to 2009 in terms of firm-level data. Besides the random effects model for panel analysis, the propensity score matching method was adopted to address the problem of sample selection bias. The results of empirical analysis confirmed that the wage of foreign firm is significantly higher than that of domestic firm. Foreign firms conduct FDI by either engaging in greenfield investment or in cross-border acquisition. In addition, we also studied whether wage gaps are dependent on the entry mode. However, the empirical results are not qualitatively different.
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