외국인 기업 임금 프리미엄 : 노동자-기업 연결 자료 분석
Foreign Ownership Wage Premium : Evidence from Korean Employee-Employer matched sample
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초록
본 연구는 인적자본 기업 패널(HCCP) 데이터를 이용하여 한국 소재 외국인 기업 의 임금 프리미엄 (foreign ownership wage premium) 존재 여부를 검증한다. 본 연구의 회귀 분석 결과 근로자 및 기업 수준 특성 모두를 통제한 후에도 외국인 기업에서 국내 기업보다 통계적으로 유의한 3.8%의 임금 프리미엄이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 본 연구는 시간별, 근로자별, 기업별 이질성이 외국인 기업 임금 프리미엄에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연도별 분석에서는 외국인 기업 임금 프리미엄이 거시 경제 환경에 크게 영향을 받을 수 있음을 발견하였고 근로자 수준 부분 표본 분석에서는 외국인 기업 임금 프리미엄이 고급 인력과 기업 특수인적 자본을 지키려는 시도에서 기인할 수 있으나 그 효과는 매우 작거나 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 기업 수준 부분 표본 분석에서는 기업의 상대적임금 협상력이 낮은 경우 외국인 기업 임금 프리미엄이 더욱 높은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Using employee-employer matched data, this paper examines the foreign ownership wage premium in Korea. The regression results show that there is a statistically significant and positive foreign ownership wage premium of around 3.8%. Even after controlling for both worker and firm characteristics this remains significant. This paper also exploits time, worker, and firm heterogeneity in examining foreign ownership wage premium.. First, Year-by-year result indicate that foreign ownership wage premium can be severly affected by business cycle. Next, worker level subsample analyses show that foreign ownership wage premium can be partly arised from their effort to protect firm specific human capital and highly educated workers but the effect is very small or not exist. Lastly, firm level subsample analysis indicates that firms with weaker relative bargaining power experience higher foreign ownership wage premium.
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