近代 中國의 西洋 敎育制度 紹介

Abstract

This research traces how the Western educational system, the model of Qing’s educational reformation, was introduced in late Qing and explores the path and content of the educational reformation in late Qing dynasty. The introduction of Western educational system approaches from two different directions. One of those comes from Western missionary and the other comes from Chinese elites who have explored the western culture. The Western missionaries propose China’s educational reformation as a part of their mission and introduce the Western educational system, which later triggers the China’s educational reformation. They endeavor to enlighten Chinese society and improve cultural standards through educational reformation. German missionary E. Faber propagates the idea of ‘無地無學, 無事非學, 無人不學’, meaning there is no place without school, process of learning and people getting no education in a country, and asserts that Germany has the perfect educational system. Timothy Richard advertises the educational system consists of elementary, middle and high school by introducing European, American and Japanese educational system. Moreover, he also presents that Country must support partial educational costs. American missionary, Young John Allen, states that China should model after America or Japan and embrace the Western educational system like Japan did. Moreover, he also states that women, future mothers who cultivate next generations of talents, also must be educated. Meanwhile, Chinese, who have experienced Western culture, pay close attention to western educational system as diplomatic delegations and as liable elites with serious concerns about problems in China. They present enforcement of compulsory education regardless of gender and class, nationwide school system connecting elementary, middle school and college , the emphasis on natural sciences and many more. The Western educational system introduced by these people plays an important role in establishing objective and direction of modern Chinese educational reformation.