魏晉南朝의 服喪禮와 公除제도

Abstract

The word of ‘removal of mouring for official affairs’(公除) is to take off the mourning clothes early for offering the national serve. Not only Pre-Qin period but also Han dynasty when the short-term mourning for emperors and high officials was enforced, the term as ‘the removal of mouring for official affairs’ was not used. In Wei dynasty, the word as ‘the removal of mouring for official affairs just after burial’(旣葬公除) appeared for the first time. In Jin, various regulations on the removal of mourning for official affairs were issued in the form of an imperial order, so the term ‘the removal of mourning for official affairs’ was used as an official term not only in ritual system but also legal system. Application subject and range of the removal of mourning for official affairs were restricted strictly. When the name of a mourning was decided officially, emperor and imperial family had a legal obligation to abide by the removal of mourning for official affairs. and after that period they had the period of mouring in mind without mouring clothes. For government official unlike the above case, the removal of mourning for official affairs was applied to the mourning of which period was less than one year. But in the case of three years memorial service which was the most important mouring, it might be sure that the removal of the mourning for official affairs was not permitted. In the Sui-Tang law codes, the removal of mourning for official affairs was allowed to the government official except the mourning for parents. As everybody knows, such the many parts of ritual scriptures in Sui-Tang period as in-mind mourning(心喪) for parents during twenty five months and three days morning clothes for empress's parents(擧哀成服) were adopted and systemized at first in West and East Jin(兩晉) period and then followed by later dynasties. And for the eldest son, such the rules as the thirty days of paid vacation and the non-dismissal of government official(不解官) were applied in not only East Jin but also Sui-Tang period. In consequence, the ritual and legal systems in the above two different periods were continuous. It leads us to analogize that in case of the mourning of parents, the rule on the dismissal of government official(解官) regardless of mourning(服喪) or in-mind mourning(心喪) had been already legislated and applied during West and East Jin and Southern Dynasties.