당대(唐代) 복제담론(服制談論)과 변례(變禮)

Abstract

This article is about analyzing the discourses of the mourning dress system in the period of the Tang Dynasty. It centers around ①debating on establishing the mourning dress system between sister-in-law and brother-in-law ②debating on revising the mourning dress system between uncle and nephew ③the expansion of waiqinfu(外親服) and the faction of guli(古禮) criticizing for it. Depending on debaters, there are differences of grounds for the discourses; mainly, it seems that the notions of qing(情) and qin(親) markedly appeared in the period. It was not unique to this period that qing(情) and qin(親) were emphasized as the principle of establishing the mourning dress system. They were the extension of the spirit of the Wei-Jin(魏晉) period that were cultivated in a pedantic atmosphere and tried to reflect the sentiment of warm-heartedness and fidelity in Ritual Systems(禮制); the three discourses mentioned were also highly contentious subjects. The reason why the same subjects on the mourning dress system became contentious over the whole period of Tang Dynasty was related to the appearance of national Jeonrye-seo(典禮書) such as Chen-guan-li(貞觀禮), Xian-qing-li(顯慶禮), and Kai-yuan-li(開元禮) and the completion of Yullyong(律令). In the Wei-Jin(魏晉) period, the discourses of the mourning dress system had not necessarily led to institutionalization. In the period of Tang Dynasty, however, Rite Procedures(儀節) which was organized in national Jeonrye-seo(典禮書) reflected the regulations of Tangryeong(唐令); for example, in the year of 658, during the ruling of Emperor Kao-tsung(高宗) of Tang, when Xian-qing-li(顯慶禮) was compiled, it was mentioned “taking Ling(令) and Shi(式) into account.” Also, the decision on the discourses for rituals was stipulated as an institution in Jeonrye-seo(典禮書), and Tangryeong(唐令) was also revised as based on the stipulations. Specifically, about the mourning dress system, the discourse of reinterpretation to the stipulations in Sangfu(喪服) was incorporated into Jeonrye-seo(典禮書) as being an institution. Also, it made the regulations of Tangryeong(唐令) be revised. Thus, the decision on the discourses for the stipulations of mourning dress in the period of Tang Dynasty was institutionalized, and it was legally supported by Tangryeong(唐令); thereby, the practice of rituals(行禮) was bindingly and stably assured. Nevertheless, institutional and legal support by yejeon(禮典) and Tangryeong(唐令) was still insecure, because Tangryeong(唐令) and 예전 could be modified Emperor's decision. Although the insecurity caused the reiteration of the discourses about the stipulations in Sangfu(喪服), the reinterpretation of the stipulations in Sangfu(喪服) helps understand the process and actual situation of making byŏllye(變禮).