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南通博物苑과 박물학적 지식의 근대적 변용

The Nantong Museum(南通博物苑) and modernizing the natural history in tradition(博物學)

하세봉
중국사학회|2014.04|중국사연구 (CHUNGGUKSA YONGU; The Journal of Chinese Historical Rsearches)|제89호|pp. 251-284

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참고문헌

키워드

張謇장건박물학博物學남통박물원지식의 조형지식의 재편성南通博物苑知識的造型知識的再編成

초록

The Nantong Museum(南通博物苑) is the first Chinese museum established in 1905. After the Nantong Museum, museums began to spread out all across the country in China including the capital city Beijing. Analyzing the exhibition of the Nantong Museum brings out the following questions: 1. What made the founders of the Nantong Museum show valuable cultural heritages and natural object to the public? 2. What they collect and how they displayed them to public? 3. What kind of logic they choose to classify and display? By conducting a research on [南通博物苑品目(The catalog of the Nantong Museum](1914) I had strived to answer those questions in the context of changes in knowledge structure. And the following is the outcome of my study. Firstly, the exhibition of the Nantong Museum was the shaping of knowledge based on the original and visual sensation. The founder of the Nantong Museum Zhang Jian (張謇) criticized speculative, exclusive traits of traditional disciplines not depending on reality. He added that China could be a modern country if Chinese scholars watch and confirm the originals in person and the public shared the knowledge. Secondly, the redistribution of knowledge was attempted through the classification of the collections. Selections of displays referred to foreign cases. At the same time, the redistribution was connected with the context of natural history in tradition(博物學) represented by leishu(類書) and bencaoxue(本草學). Especially, the collections and displays of paintings and calligraphy works stood on the tradition of the natural history in tradition that covered distinction, restoration, and criticism of them. Lastly, two levels of classification of the natural history in tradition continued at the display of natural objects at the Nantong Museum yet the ideal of the natural history in tradition was discarded, and modern, scientific ways were adopted. Afterwards, Chinese museums usually have followed this way and the Nantong Museum initiated these trends.

Abstract

The Nantong Museum(南通博物苑) is the first Chinese museum established in 1905. After the Nantong Museum, museums began to spread out all across the country in China including the capital city Beijing. Analyzing the exhibition of the Nantong Museum brings out the following questions: 1. What made the founders of the Nantong Museum show valuable cultural heritages and natural object to the public? 2. What they collect and how they displayed them to public? 3. What kind of logic they choose to classify and display? By conducting a research on [南通博物苑品目(The catalog of the Nantong Museum](1914) I had strived to answer those questions in the context of changes in knowledge structure. And the following is the outcome of my study. Firstly, the exhibition of the Nantong Museum was the shaping of knowledge based on the original and visual sensation. The founder of the Nantong Museum Zhang Jian (張謇) criticized speculative, exclusive traits of traditional disciplines not depending on reality. He added that China could be a modern country if Chinese scholars watch and confirm the originals in person and the public shared the knowledge. Secondly, the redistribution of knowledge was attempted through the classification of the collections. Selections of displays referred to foreign cases. At the same time, the redistribution was connected with the context of natural history in tradition(博物學) represented by leishu(類書) and bencaoxue(本草學). Especially, the collections and displays of paintings and calligraphy works stood on the tradition of the natural history in tradition that covered distinction, restoration, and criticism of them. Lastly, two levels of classification of the natural history in tradition continued at the display of natural objects at the Nantong Museum yet the ideal of the natural history in tradition was discarded, and modern, scientific ways were adopted. Afterwards, Chinese museums usually have followed this way and the Nantong Museum initiated these trends.

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