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자백증거의 제시 시점에 따른 증거 간 상호관계: 연결망 분석을 이용한 증거의 정합성 이해

Timing of confession evidence and interrelationships between evidence: Using network analysis to understand coherence of evidence

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초록

형사사법절차에서 자백은 높은 증명력을 가지는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구는 자백증거가 포함된 사건에서 일반인의 증거에 대한 평가와 자백을 포함한 증거 간 상호관계 양상을 파악하기 위해 자백증거의 제시방법을 세 수준(자백없음/초기제시/후기제시, 참가자 간 요인)으로 조작하고 두 시점(초기평가/재평가, 참가자 내 요인)에 걸쳐서 증거의 증명력을 측정하였다. 자백증거의 제시방법과 평가 시점에 따른 증거 간 상호관계의 양상을 비교하기 위하여 93명의 자료에 대한 연결망 분석을 수행한 결과, 자백증거가 초기에 제시된 경우와 후기에 제시된 경우 자백증거의 연결망 내 중요성이 다른 경향이 있었다. 증거들의 초기평가 연결망에서는 증거 간 상호관계가 약했던 반면, 재평가 연결망에서는 증거 간 상호관계가 강해지는 경향이 있었다. 또한, 평가 시점에 따른 자백증거의 연결망 내 중요성 변화 양상이 자백이제시되는 시점에 따라 달라지는 경향이 있었다. 자백증거를 포함한 증거 간 상호관계는 무죄판단 연결망보다 유죄판단 연결망에서 더 강한 것으로 나타났으며 유죄판단자와 무죄판단자는 같은 증거 간 관계를 다르게 평가하거나 중요하게 평가하는 증거가 서로 달랐다. 본 연구의 결과는 정합성 기반 의사결정 이론의 타당성뿐만 아니라 자백의 영향력에 대한 다양한 방법론을 적용한 후속 연구들이 수행될 필요가 있음을 보여준다.

Abstract

Confessions are highly probative in criminal trials. This study aimed to explore the relationships between laypersons' evaluations of a set of evidence, including confession evidence, in a legal case. The study manipulated the way confession evidence was presented at three levels (no confession/initial presentation/late presentation, a between-participants factor) and measured the probative value of all of the presented evidence at two time points (initial evaluation/reevaluation, a within-participants factor). Using data from 93 participants, several network analyses were conducted. The results indicated that the importance of confession evidence varied depending on whether it was presented early or late. The initial evaluation networks exhibited weaker connections between evidence, whereas the reevaluation networks displayed stronger connections. In particular, the connections between pieces of evidence, including confession evidence, were stronger in the conviction networks than in the acquittal networks. Individuals who rendered guilty and not guilty verdicts evaluated the importance of the same evidence differently or assigned different weights to the link between the same pair of evidence. This implies that the validity of coherence-based decision theories. Furthermore, it is also suggested that further research should be conducted using different methodologies on the impact of confessions.

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