진술 일관성 유형이 용의자 진술의 진위 판단에 미치는 영향: 진술 일관성 인식의 매개효과
The Effect of Statement Consistency Type on Judgments of Suspect Veracity: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Consistency
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진술의 일관성은 진술의 진위 판단에 주요하게 고려되는 요인 중 하나이다. 용의자의 낮은 진술 일관성은 거짓 진술이라고 판단하는 데 영향을 주지만, 4가지 진술 일관성 유형(반복, 모순, 생략, 추가)이 진술 일관성 인식과 진위 판단에 미치는 영향을 비교한 연구는 거의 없다. 진술 일관성 인식은 비일관된 정보의 중요도에 따라서도 달라진다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 진술 일관성 유형이 진술 일관성 인식과 진위 판단에 영향을 주는 관계에서 정보의 중요도의 조절효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 192명의 일반인 참가자들 모집하여, 3(진술 일관성 유형: 모순 vs. 생략 vs. 추가) × 2(정보 중요도: 중심정보 vs. 생략정보)와 통제집단(반복정보)의 참가자 간 설계에 무선 할당하였다. 참가자들은 각 조건에 해당하는 용의자의 반복 진술을 읽고, 용의자의 진술 일관성과 진위를 판단하였다. 분석 결과, 중심 정보가 비일관된 녹취록을 읽은 참가자들이 다른 조건의 참가자들에 비해 진술의 일관성을 낮게 평가하였으며, 진실 보다 거짓으로 판단할 확률이 높게 나타났다. 이는 참가자들이 진술의 일관성을 평가함에 있어 진술 일관성 유형을 다르게 인식하고, 진위 판단에 있어 진술 자체의 일관성보다 개인의 진술 일관성 인식이 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 시사점과 한계점 및 향후 연구의 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Statement consistency is critical when determining a suspect’s statement’s veracity. Low statement consistency of a suspect affects the perception that the statement is a lie. However, few studies have compared the effects of the four types of statement consistency (repetition, contradiction, omission, and reminiscence) on the perception of statement consistency and veracity. Perception of statement consistency also varies depending on the relevance of the inconsistent details. Therefore, veracity judgment and perception of statement consistency with differentiating components of statement consistency and detail relevance. A total of 192 participants were randomly assigned to a 3 (statement consistency type: contradiction vs. omission vs. reminiscence) × 2 (information relevance: central vs. peripheral) between-subjects design, along with a control group (repetition). Participants read repeated suspect’s interview transcripts corresponding to each condition and evaluated the suspect’s statement consistency and veracity. The results showed that participants who read transcripts containing contradiction details evaluated the statements as less consistent and were more likely to judge them as deceptive than other conditions. These results suggest that participants perceive statement consistency differently depending on the type of inconsistency. The implications of these findings and directions for future research are also discussed.
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