중국 공산당 논쟁과 노선투쟁의 100년: 파(破)와 입(立)의 교차

Abstract

The Chinese Communist Party has been in constant ideology debate and line struggle for the past 100 years. The communist party is often viewed as a monolithic organization with a single ideology, looking at the one-party rule and the concentration of power to the supreme leader. However, in history, there have been many “-ismˮ and “lineˮ whenever China go through social changes. Sometimes the conflict over the line struggle spread to brutal political oppression or violent conflict, but the debate over the line struggle was key to how to transform and develop China over its nature of regime. Therefore, the Chinese Communist Party is a one-party-state system that has not had a change of government through multi-party systems and free votes, but internal and external debates and line struggle have functioned similarly. Looking at China's ideology debates over the past 100 years, when a major debate broke out, it occurred at the intersection of “breaking downˮ existing power or ideas and “building upˮ new power and ideas. The creation of the Communist Party was the case, and the process of revolution, socialist construction, reform and opening and other debates surrounding China's development all have such dual characteristics. As it passed through huge popular movements such as the Cultural Revolution and the 1989 Tiananmen Square Incident, the party’s internal disputes gradually disappeared or the conflict in party began not to be revealed. Since the 1990s, intellectuals’ debates have begun to replace some of the functions of the party’s theoretical debates and line struggles, but even those in the so-called “new eraˮ of Xi Jinping are not easily allowed. In the Xi Jinping era, China is moving toward suppressing voices outside of the party. However, in addition to this control and oppression, if the party fails to create a channel and a democratic system that can reflect public opinion from below, the debates over China’s regime can flare up again at any time. That possibility is evidenced by the 100-year history of the Chinese Communist Party.