고전문학교육의 현장 재고 3題 -‘연구 추세’와 ‘교육’의 괴리를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study aims to correct and propose alternatives for errors occurring in the field of “classical poetry” in Korean classical literature education. Specifically, three main errors and their respective arguments are addressed as follows: First, the issue regarding the nature of <Gujiga>. Currently, <Gujiga> is taught as a work song (norae), but this is deemed incorrect. A re-evaluation regarding the classification of <Gujiga> as a work song based on the early research of Cho Yoon-je is necessary. The term “撮土” is confirmed to mean “gathering soil to use instead of incense for prayer,” and thus should be consistently taught as a “ritual song” (jusul-yo). Second, the issue with the principle of Hyangchal notation. Textbooks describe such principle as a system where “substantive and formal morphemes use hun and eum characters, respectively.” However, this issue needs to be addressed. The aforementioned principle actually uses Jeongyongja (standard characters) and Chayongja (borrowed characters) for substantive and formal morphemes, respectively. Jeongyongja can be further divided into eumdokja (read in sound) and hundokja (read in meaning), whereas Chayongja can be divided into eumchaja (borrowed for sound) and hunchaja (borrowed for meaning). This structure allows for a more rational explanation of each term in Hyangchal. Third, the issue regarding the 3-part structure and final exclamation in Sijo. Currently, these are taught as being inherited from Hyangga, but this should be corrected. The origin of Sijo is not Hyangga but rather a smaller musical form called <Mandaeyeop>, which derived from a composition called <Jinjak1> created in the early Joseon period, and that has a 5-part structure. Additionally, the final exclamation in Sijo appeared only in the 17th century, thus making its connection with Hyangga less relevant. The above discussion was presented as one response to the theme of the conference titled “What Can Classical Literature Do in a Changing Era?”held in April 2024. How classical research and education should change in response to the changing times is a significant issue. This study argues that for classical literature to play its role in the modern era, reviewing the past and establishing the field in a more rational and effective manner are essential.