지역성장과 격차패턴
Regional Growth and Inequality Patterns
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본 연구의 목적은 한국의 지역격차가 언제 증가하고, 언제 감소했는지 그 변화의 동태성을 분석하고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 지역격차의 확대를 설명하는 polarization, 격차의 완화를 설명하는 polarization reversal, 다시 지역격차의 증가를 설명하는spatial restructuring 이라는 이론적 틀을 설정하였다. 분석모형은 지역격차와 경제성장의 동태성을 보여주는 순위규모모형을 응용하였다. 발전된 순위규모함수는 격차의 변화를 분석하는데 유용하다. 먼저 격차와 순위에 대한 회귀분석을 통해 최적의 모형을 도출하였다. 분석결과, 연구기간동안 일인당 지역총생산량의 격차는 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 기울기는 하위순위에서 증가했는데, 이는 지역 총생산량이 높은 지역들의 격차는 낮고, 지역총생산량이 낮은 지역들의 격차는 높다는 것을 나타내 준다. 1965년의 한국의 순위규모 함수의 기울기가 가장 높게 나타나, 지역격차가 가장 심화되었던 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to identify the dynamics of the variations inregional inequality, answering the questions when inequality increases or decreases. Thetheoretical approach to uneven regional development is reviewed in terms of polarizationas an explanation for regional divergence, polarization reversal as an explanation forregional convergence, and spatial restructuring as an explanation for recent increases inregional inequality. Also the rank-size function is investigated as a metric for identifying thedynamics of regional inequality and economic development. The expanded rank-sizefunction is useful for analyzing the dynamics of inequality variation in the urban system.First, I examine inequality by using expansion methods with respect to rank. For this, it isimportant to find the relationship with the best fit between inequality and rank. I observethe possible connections using several specifications, including linear and nonlinearrelationships. The best specification of the relationship between inequality and rank isdetermined based on the best fitting regression analysis. A rank-size curve is the graph ofthe per capita GRP of a region versus its GRP ranking for that year was plotted. The rank-size curve indicated that (1) the disparity of per capita gross regional product hasdecreased between provinces during the studied periods, (2) the slopes tended to besteeper at lower ranks, which indicated that inequality was lower between high-incomeprovinces and higher between low-income provinces, and (3) the 1965 curve in Koreahave the steepest slopes, which means the greatest per capita GRP inequality.
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