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네트워크 사회적 자본이 비영리 조직성과에 미치는 영향: 자원가용성의 조절효과를 중심으로

Effect of Network Social Capital on Non-Profit Organizational Performance: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Resource Availability

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초록

본 연구는 국내 비영리조직의 네트워크 사회적자본이 조직성과에 영향을 미치는 요인과 자원가용성의 조절효과를 실증분석하였다. 구체적으로 사회적 자본을 강한 유대의 결속형과 약한 유대의 교량형 네트워크로 구분하여 조직성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 특히 자원가용성의 수준에 따른 변화와 조직성과 간의 관계를 조절하는 메커니즘을 예측하여 검증하였다. 이를 위해 국내 비영리조직 경영자와 임원(이사), 중간관리자를 대상으로 408개 표본을 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하여 가설을 검증하였다. 실증 분석결과, 결속형 네트워크 사회적 자본이 높으면 조직성과를 감소시키는 부(-)의 효과를 확인하였고, 이와 상반되게 교량형 네트워크 사회적 자본이 높으면 조직성과를 증가시키는 정(+)의 효과를 확인하였다. 또한, 결속형, 교량형 네트워크 사회적 자본과 자원가용성의 상호작용 효과가 나타나 조직성과를 완화하는 결과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 자원가용성은 서로 다른 유형의 네트워크 사회적 자본의 영향력을 조절하는 주요한 요인임을 규명함으로써 결속형과 교량형의 균형적 관점이 비영리조직을 결속시키고 외부조직과 연결함으로써 비영리조직의 생존과 성장을 촉진할 수 있다는 것을 입증한 의미 있는 결과이다. 본 연구는 네트워크 유형과 자원 중심 접근방식을 결합한 사회적 자본에 대한 포괄적 관점을 제시함으로써, 향후 비영리조직의 발전에 대한 이해와 지식을 확장할 수 있는 중요한 이론적 시사점과 전략적 사고를 통해 비영리조직의 위기를 극복할 실천적 전략방안을 도출하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

Abstract

This study empirically analyzed the factors that affect organizational performance and the moderating effects of resource availability on the network social capital of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Korea. The impact of social capital on organizational performance was analyzed by separating it into binding and bridging network capital, and the mechanisms moderating the relationship between changes in the level of resource availability and organizational performance were predicted and verified. A total of 408 chief executives, directors, and middle managers from NPOs were surveyed to verify the hypothesis. As a result of the empirical analysis, we confirmed that high binding network social capital had a negative effect on organizational performance, while high bridging network social capital had a positive effect. It was also shown that binding and bridging network social capital and resource availability interact to affect organizational performance. These results suggest that network social capital is not influenced by a single variable. Rather, a balance between bonding and bridging network capital can unite organizations and promote NPO performance. This balance between the two variables is an important factor in the moderating impact of the level of resource availability. This study presents a comprehensive perspective on social capital and expands the understanding of NPO growth and development. It also offers practical measures to overcome issues facing NPOs through strategic thinking.

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