국어 인식양태소 구조의 인지언어학적 접근: 시점 이동과 역동적 심성공간의 융합
A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Korean Epistemic Modality: Perspective-Switch and the Blending of Dynamic Mental Spaces
2
조회
0
다운로드
14
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper is intended to examine Korean epistemic modality associated with a perspective-switch from the speaker to his/her hearer, as observed in cases such as 'tuleka-si-l-key-yo' ('Please enter'). Within the cognitive lingusitics theory of conceptual blending (Fauconnier 1998, 2001, 2003; Turner 2008) adopted for the purpose of this study, it is proposed that the speaker's and his/her hearer's conceptual spaces for perspective-taking are blended into a new space in which the speaker becomes motivated to act as the agent of the requested action (e.g., ‘enter'), as evidenced in his/her own utterance of '-key.' It was suggested that the acquisition processes of Korean epistemic modals be predicted by the degree to which the mental spaces underlying them are complex if the theory were psychologically real. It was observed that the modals '-ci,' '-ney,' and '-tay,' for example, involve a single, double, and multiple mental space, respectively, in that '-ci' denotes the speaker's own prior experience and nobody else's, while '-ney' requires that the speaker's perspective as well as his/her hearer's be involved. A reportative statement ending in '-tay' is also thought to be associated with a multiple set of mental spaces such as a space for the informer of the reported fact, for the protagonist in it, and for its hearer as well as its speaker. Given these differences in terms of the number of mental spaces involved, it was noted that '-ci' is simpler than '-ney,' 'ney' being simpler than '-tay.' It was found that the simpler the mental spaces of modality are, the earlier it emerges in child language, and the prediction of the cognitive blending theory was borne out. It was concluded that the blending of mental spaces in Korean epistemic modality is likely to be psychologically real in triggering a perspective-switch with varying degrees to be determined by the complexity of mental spaces associated with it.
Abstract
This paper is intended to examine Korean epistemic modality associated with a perspective-switch from the speaker to his/her hearer, as observed in cases such as 'tuleka-si-l-key-yo' ('Please enter'). Within the cognitive lingusitics theory of conceptual blending (Fauconnier 1998, 2001, 2003; Turner 2008) adopted for the purpose of this study, it is proposed that the speaker's and his/her hearer's conceptual spaces for perspective-taking are blended into a new space in which the speaker becomes motivated to act as the agent of the requested action (e.g., ‘enter'), as evidenced in his/her own utterance of '-key.' It was suggested that the acquisition processes of Korean epistemic modals be predicted by the degree to which the mental spaces underlying them are complex if the theory were psychologically real. It was observed that the modals '-ci,' '-ney,' and '-tay,' for example, involve a single, double, and multiple mental space, respectively, in that '-ci' denotes the speaker's own prior experience and nobody else's, while '-ney' requires that the speaker's perspective as well as his/her hearer's be involved. A reportative statement ending in '-tay' is also thought to be associated with a multiple set of mental spaces such as a space for the informer of the reported fact, for the protagonist in it, and for its hearer as well as its speaker. Given these differences in terms of the number of mental spaces involved, it was noted that '-ci' is simpler than '-ney,' 'ney' being simpler than '-tay.' It was found that the simpler the mental spaces of modality are, the earlier it emerges in child language, and the prediction of the cognitive blending theory was borne out. It was concluded that the blending of mental spaces in Korean epistemic modality is likely to be psychologically real in triggering a perspective-switch with varying degrees to be determined by the complexity of mental spaces associated with it.
참고문헌 (44)
- Ahn, Hee-Don, "Functional Categories in Korean", Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics, 3, pp.79~88 (1989)
- Aksu-Koc, Ayhan, ""A Psychological Account of the Development and Use of Evidentials in Turkish," in Evidentiality: The Linguistic Coding of Epistemology", pp.159~167 (1986), Ablex
- Aksu-Koc, Ayhan, "The Acquisition of Aspect and Modality" (1988), Cambridge University Press
- Bally, Charles, "Le Langage et la Vie" (1913), Edition Atar
- Buszard, Laura Ann, "Constructional Polysemy and Mental Spaces in Potawatomi Discourse", 박사, pp.2003
- Carroll, David W., "Psychology of Language", pp.2008, Thompson
- Chang, Sun, "Korean Reflexive Pronoun caki and Its Referent NP's Point of View", Language Research, 13, pp.35~48 (1977)
- Cho, Sook Whan, "Issues in the Structure and Acquisition of Korean Anaphora", pp.1985
- Cho, Sook Whan, "Null Subjects in Complements and Adjuncts in Korean", Paper given at the "Workshop on Korean Syntax and Semantics (1991), LSA Summer Institute
- Cho, Sook Whan, "The Structure and Acquisition of Null Subjects in Korean Complements and adjuncts", Proceedings of the Korea-US Bilateral Workshop on Computers, Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science (1991), The Korean Society for Cognitive Science
- Cho, Sook Whan, "The Grammar and Null Arguments in Early Child Korean in: Korean Linguistics Today" (1993), Stanford University
- Cho, Sook Whan, "Argument Ellipsis in Korean-speaking Children's Early Speech", 박사, pp.2004
- Choi, Soonja, "The Early Acquisition of Epistemic Meanings in Korean", First Laguage, 11, pp.93~119 (1991)
- Chomsky, Noam, "Lectures on Government and Binding" (1981), Foris Publications
- Chomsky, Noam, "Knowledge of language: its nature, origins and use" (1986), Praeger
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Mappings in Thought and Language" (1997), Cambridge .University Press
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Mental Spaces, Language Modalities, and Conceptual Integration,"The New Psychology of Language: Cognitive and Functional Approaches to Language Structure", pp.251~280 (1998), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
- Fauconnier, Gilles, "Conceptual Integration", pp.1~7 (2001), Emergence and Development of Embodied Cognition
- Fauconnier, Gilles, ""Cognitive Linguistics," Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science" (2003), Nature Publishing Group
- Hong, Ki-Sun, "Consciousness Condition on the Korean Reflexive Caki", pp.161~169 (1989), Berkeley Linguistic Society
- Hong, Ki-Sun, "Subjecthood Tests in Korean", Language Research, 3, pp.99~136 (1994)
- Kameyama, Megumi, "Zero Anaphora: The Case of Japanese", 박사, pp.1985
- Kuno, Susumu, "Pronominalization, Reflexivization, and Direct Discourse", Linguistic Inquiry, 3, pp.161~195 (1972)
- Kuno, Susumu, "Functional Syntax" (1987), Chicago University Press
- Kuno, Susumu, "Empathy and Syntax", Linguistic Inquiry, 8, pp.627~672 (1977)
- Lee, Chungmin, "Issues in Korean Anaphora", pp.339~358 (1988), ICKL
- MacWhinney, Brian, "How Mental Models Encode Embodied Linguistic Perspective", Carnegie Mellon Symposia on Cognition Series, pp.365~406 (2007)
- Ozturk, Ozge, "The Acquisition of Evidentiality in Turkish", 32nd Annual Boston University on Language Development (2007)
- Papafragou, Anna, "Evidentiality in Language and Cognition", Cognition, 103, pp.253~299 (2007)
- Smith, Carlota S., "Perspective and Point of View: Accounting for Subjectivity", Paper presented at the Information Structure in a Cross-linguistic Perspective Conference (2000)
- Speas, Margaret, "Evidentiality, Logophoricity and the Syntactic Representation of Pragmatic Features", Lingua, 114, pp.255~276 (2004)
- Tenny, Carol, "Evidentiality, experiencers, and the syntax of sentience in Japanese", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 15, pp.245~288 (2007)
- Turner, Mark, "Frame Blending", pp.13~32 (2008), Bononia University Press
- Whitman, John, "Topic, Modality and IP Structure in: Harvard Studies in Korean Linguistics III" (1989), Hanshin Publishing Co.
- Willett, Thomas, "A Cross-linguistic Survey of the Grammaticization of Evidentiality", Studies in Language, 12, pp.51~97 (1988)
- 서정목, "국어통사구조연구 I" (1994), 서강대학교출판사
- 서정목, "문법의 모형과 핵 계층 이론" (1998), 태학사
- 양상표지의 습득 in: 언어학이론과 한국어의미, 통사 구조 습득 I, "서법 (Mood)", pp.1997, 이정민
- 이정훈, "국어의 문법형식과 통사구조 연구", 박사, pp.2004
- 이정훈, "조사와 어미 그리고 통사구조" (2008), 태학사
- 이희란, "부모보고를 통해 종단관찰한 한국 아동의 초기 문법형태소 습득", 언어청각장애연구, 13(2), pp.159~173 (2008), 한국언어청각임상학회
- 임홍빈, "국어의 재귀사 연구" (1987), 신구문화사
- 장경희, "현대국어의 양태범주에 관한 연구", 박사, pp.1985
- 조숙환, "국어의 서법의미 및 시제의 대용화 구조와 습득 in: 언어학 이론과 한국어 의미 통사구조 습득 I", pp.127~154 (1997), 민음사