설계과정(Design Process)을 통한 문제해결과정에서 브레인스토밍의 역할
The Role of Brainstorming on Design Process Based Problem Solving Process
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초록
이 연구는 학생들이 설계과정을 통한 문제해결을 과정에서 브레인스토밍이 어떤 역할을 하는지 확인한 현장사례 연구이다. 사례연구를 수행하기 위해 학생들이 작성한 문서자료(학습활동지, 서술형 설문지, 설계과정자료[스케치, 구상도, 부품도])를 살펴보았고, 질적조사(qualitative research) 방법 중에 하나인 문서자료를 의존함으써 발생할 수 있는 부족함을 보완하기 위해 학생들과 면담을 병행하여 실시하였으며 이를 통해 얻은 연구 결과 값은 아래와 같다. 첫째, 브레인스토밍이 활발하게 나타나는 시기는 문제를 확인하고 해결책을 찾기 위한 초기단계와 제작을 통해 문제의 조건을 만족하지 못하는 투석기가 제작된 시기였으며, 브레인스토밍의 문제해결 기여정도를 살펴본 결과 A팀은 85%, B팀은 74%의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 브레인스토밍은 설계과정을 통한 문제해결 과정에서 소단위 문제해결과 중단위 문제해결 역할을 동시에 수행하였다. 또한 브레인스토밍과 설계과정의 하위 영역인 제작(실험, 관찰, 측정)과정은 서로 밀접한 관련이 있으며 제작실패로 인한 원인분석, 제작 오류로 인한 재설계, 문제의 조건을 만족 시키지 못할 경우 상위단계로 피드백 작용을 하면서 서로 영향을 주고받고 있다.
Abstract
This study is a field case study of students’ problem-solving process in the course of design in order to identify the role of brainstorming in the design process. The study reviewed documents prepared by students, such as activity worksheets, essay-type survey papers, works and their photos, student activity photos and other design data (sketches, conceptual drawings, part drawings), while conducting interviews with students to supplement its dependence on document review, a qualitative research method. The results of the study are as follows:First, the brainstorming process occurred most actively in the beginning step when students first spotted a problem and tried to come up with a solution, as well as when they completed the making process with a catapult that did not meet the conditions of the problem. In terms of how contributive the brainstorming sessions were to problem solving, it was observed that brainstorming influenced the problem solving process with the percentage of eighty five for team A, and seventy four for team B. Second, brainstorming played roles in both small unit and medium unit problem solving in the problem solving process through design process. Furthermore, brainstorming as part of the design process and making process, which is the lower domain of the design process (experiment, observation, and measurement), influenced each other by feed backing to the previous step when conditions of the problem failed to meet, and when redesigning was executed due to idea design, quality of catapult, cause analysis, and production errors.
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