일본어학습자를 위한효율적 한자교육에 관한연구
A Study of effective Chinese Character Education for Japanese Learners
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초록
本稿では日本の常用漢字1945字を韓國の敎育用漢字1800字、中國の常用漢字2 500字と對照分析を行い、3國共通字種ほど基礎漢字に屬するものが多く、實際の使用頻度の面においても上位順位に相當することを明らかにした。これに基づ いて、これからの日本語敎育においては共通字種や共通字体という要素が考慮され た形で常用漢字を提示する必要があると考え、次のような漢字習得段階を提示した。 初級段階では、小學校低學年用の日・韓・中3國で共通に用いられる共通字種だ けを提示することによって、日本語の學習負担を輕減させる。次に初中級段階で は、小學校低學年用の共通字種および低學年用の相違字種、高學年用の3國共通 字種を提示して日本式の漢字になじませる。さらに中上級段階では、小學校高學 年用の共通字種および高學年用の相異字種、中學生用の3國共通字種を提示して 日本の漢字語彙を增やせる機會を與える。最後の上級段階に至っては、中學生用 の共通字種および相違字種を與え、漢字に對する自信感を持たせる必要がある。 上記のような基準が必ずしもすべての敎育現場において適用されるものではない が、韓國人日本語學習者に、漢字に對する負担を最小限に止め、かつ日本語學習 に對する興味を誘發させられる漢字敎育の一つのモデルを提示しようと試みたも のである。
Abstract
This study compared the 1945 Chinese characters used in Japan with the 1800 characters taught in Korea and the 2500 characters used in China. This comparison revealed that the characters used in all three countries belong to the ‘basic character’ category and are the most frequently used. This study claims that the characters that are in common use or are related to those in common use in the three countries are an important factor to be considered in teaching the characters designated for common use in Japan to Korean learners of Japanese. This paper suggests the following approach for the step-by-step presentation of characters to students. At the beginning level, only the Chinese characters commonly used in the three countries in the lower grades of elementary school should be taught. At the low intermediate level, learners should be exposed both to the different characters taught in the lower grades of elementary school and the commonly used characters that are taught in the higher grades of elementary school. Then, at the high intermediate level, learners should build their vocabulary by learning the commonly used characters and the divergent characters taught in the upper grades of elementary school, as well as the commonly used characters in all three countries in junior high school. Lastly, at the advanced level, learners should develop their skills with Chinese characters by studying both the commonly used characters and the different characters commonly taught at the junior high school level.