한문 학습용 사전 수록 어휘의 선정과 체례

Abstract

In this paper, the authors would like to show some research results on criteria for selecting and ways of arranging words as a preparation step to compile a school dictionary of classical Chinese (漢文) which can be used in elementary, secondary and high schools. Until now, in our country, there are many kinds of ‘dictionary’ published, but most of them are available for common use or experts, while almost none are brought out for special purposes such as education in school. Therefore this research focuses on some problems concerning the dictionaries used in schools nowadays and then seek possible ways to compile school dictionaries of classical Chinese. The authors hope that new dictionaries compiled based on those suggestions can help students in improving their proficiency in classical Chinese by themselves without the need for assistance from teachers or other reference books. Thus in this research the authors suggest ‘collection and focus’ and ‘expandability’ as some criteria of the compilation. ‘Collection and focus’ means collecting words mainly from lessons in school books and then, by explaining minutely the definitions of those words, their structures, grammatical functions and syntactic rules etc, trying to improve the reading apprehension of students. After illustrating with examples, the authors add some issues concerning ‘compilation of digital dictionary’. The reason is that problems of criteria and quantity etc of words mentioned above can be easily resolved by using a digital dictionary. Digital dictionaries are suitable as word searching instruments, they seem to easily overcome the limits of traditional paper dictionaries. Besides, in the latter half of the paper, the authors provide some examples of words in a school dictionary of classical Chinese. Different from a typical dictionary in which a word is defined by pronunciation, meaning, other related words, source and examples, the school dictionary, based on the real situation of classical Chinese education, explains words with structure, grammatical functions and usage in sentences, aiming at the improvement of the reading apprehension of students. Moreover, with the purpose of serving as a normal linguistic dictionary which can be used in other subjects, the authors think that it is necessary to attract a careful attention to the definition of words based on the word-by-word explanation.