고등교육에서의 인도네시아어 교수법 – 언어유형론적 변화를 중심으로 -
Methods of Teaching Indonesian in Higher Education: Focusing on Typological Change
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengutarakan pentingnya pendekatan diakronis dalam menjalankan pendidikan bahasa asing di perguruan tinggi berdasarkan bahasa Indonesia yang sedang mengalami perubahan tipologis. Dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat dua fenomena tertanda yang representatif dari sudut pandang pendekatan sinkronis, yaitu asimetrisnya pergerakan non-argumen dan pemetaan absolut antara topik dan subjek. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dua fenomena ini, yang selama ini dianggap sebagai fenomena pengecualian dalam pendidikan bahasa asing di perguruan tinggi, diakibatkan oleh perubahan tipologis dari bahasa ergatif ke bahasa akusatif. Dengan perkataan lain, dua fenomena tersebut merupakan karakteristikkarakteristik bahasa ergatif yang tersisa dalam bahasa Indonesia hingga kini. Berdasarkan pembahasan itu, penelitian ini pada akhirnya memaparkan bahwa pendidikan bahasa Indonesia di perguruan tinggi perlu menerapkan baik pendekatan sinkronis maupun diakronis agar mahasiswa-mahasiswanya dapat memahami bahasa Indonesia lebih mendalam dan komprehensif.
Abstract
This study aims to emphasize the importance of a diachronic approach in foreign language education in higher education using Indonesian, which is undergoing typological change, as an example. There are two representative marked phenomena in Indonesian from a synchronic point of view, that is, an asymmetry in A’-movement and an absolute mapping between topic and subject. This study shows that these two phenomena, which hitherto have been simply assumed as exceptional phenomena in foreign language education in higher education, came as Indonesian underwent a typological change from an ergative language to an accusative language. Specifically, these two phenomena display characteristics of ergative languages that have remained in Indonesian until now. Based on the discussion, this study ultimately argues that foreign language education in higher education needs to employ a diachronic approach as well as a synchronic approach in order to help foreign language learners to more comprehensively and thoroughly understand Indonesian.
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