『日本書紀』에 보이는 생물을 헤아리는 조수사 고찰

Abstract

Numeral classifiers used in 『Nihonshoki』 are 「疋」, 「匹」, 「騎」, 「頭」, 「箇」, and 「狗」 for animals, 「隻」 for birds. I investigated why some of them are used in counting certain animals, because 「頭」 is generally used for counting any animals, while 「疋」, 「匹」, and 「騎」 are normally reserved for horses. 「匹」 is simply a synonym of 「馬」. But as for 「疋」, this numeral classifier notes the status of the horses, such as 「良馬」, 「細馬」, 「中馬」, or 「飾騎」. This indicates that 「疋」 is for pack-horses, whereas 「匹」 refers to horses in general. And I found 「騎」 only refers to war horses. 「隻」 is a unit of counting all kinds of birds. An investigation into『Nihonshoki』 on its use of numeral classifiers found that 「疋」, 「匹」, 「騎」, 「頭」, and 「隻」 are not able to be classified in an α - β manner, because they are used in both classes. However, 「箇」 is used only in α class, and 「狗」 in β class. This reveals 『Nihonshoki』 classification is not valid until vol.19, because numeral classifiers are generally presented in the articles concerned with foreign relations.