日本漢字音字音形の創出要因に関する研究 −他国の漢字音との比較を通して(喉音系)−

Abstract

This is a study of the consonant type creation factors in Sino-Japanese, specifically by comparing Chinese characters from different countries (based on Guttral sounds), According to this research, the ancient phonemes of China had a change in sound for each period, with a significant change from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. The change in sound is classified into the sound system of the initial (consonants) and considered. Group of Guttural sounds(喉音系) - ʔ(影母), h(曉母), ɦ(匣母), '∅(于母), 'j(喩母) There was no change in the clear character, ʔ(影母), and the next clean character,h(曉母), in Ancient Chinese, but the "Muddy" sounds (Chinese: 濁; zhou), ɦ(匣母), was voiced(有聲音)/g/ from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties sound to the 切韻音. At the Qin Dynasty, the northern part of China, which is the mother of Japanese classical music, it is transformed into /kh/ and absorbed into the h(曉母). Regarding the change of the group of vowels, in the case of the Grade Ⅰ, the original sound was maintained despite the change of sound at the time, so there is nothing unusual in that Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese all have a group of vowels of /-a/. However, in the Grade Ⅱ, what was a front vowel in the process of sound change becomes a back vowel, which affects the group of vowels. Since the Grade Ⅲ and the Grade Ⅳ include phonological and synchronicity, many omissions, abbreviations, and rules of transformation and change are applied in the unique phonetic rules for each country's Chinese character sound. In this way, using the phonetic change phenomenon of Ancient Chinese, the Chinese language sound as a foreign language sound is combined while preparing and comparing the Middle Chinese with the Chinese character sound of other countries of the Chinese character license for the process of making sino-Japanese. What kind of changes occurred in the process of settling were considered. In Ancient Chinese, there was no change in the clear character, ʔ(影母), and the next clean character, h(曉母), but the "Muddy" sounds (Chinese: 濁; zhou), ɦ(匣母) was voiced(有聲音)/g/ from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties sound to the 切韻音. It is transformed into /kh/ and absorbed into the h(曉母) during the Qin Dynasty, which became origin of Japanese kanji pronunciation. Regarding the change of the group of vowels, in the case of Grade I, the original sound was preserved even during the sound change in the Tang Dynasty, so there is nothing unusual in that sino-Japanese, sino-Korean, and sino-Vetenamese all have the syllable of /-a/. However, in Grade II, what used to be a front vowel became a back vowel during the sound change, affecting the acceptance of syllables. Grade III and IV contain both phonetic and syntactic features, the acceptance of Chinese characters in each country is governed by its own phonological rules, which include many omissions, contractions, and variations and changes. Using this phenomenon of sound change in the ancient Chinese phonemes, the process of creating the phonetic form of Japanese Chinese characters was compared with the phonetic form of Chinese characters in other countries, and a comparison table was created to examine what changes occurred in the process of acceptance and settlement of Chinese pronunciation as a foreign language sound.