古事記における「在」の研究 ─ 日本書紀の修飾構造の補足を含めて ─

Abstract

In this paper, I examined the usages of Zai (在) in Kojiki, and whether the form of “Zai ＋ place ＋ target” seen in Kojiki and Nihonshoki in which the phrase “Zai ＋ place” qualifies “target” is a perfect Chinese sentence. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Zai (在) in Kojiki was used a total of 59 times. It consists of 43 cases of “existence”, 3 cases “survival”, 1 case of “idiom”, 3 cases of “Japanese usage”, “misuse” 2 cases, and “modifying structure” 7 cases. This result was included in all the previous research results, but there are no usages of “to depend on”, “to stay in”, and “every”. Usage of “preposition” depends on whether “modifying structure” is accepted or not. 2) In the Nihonshoki, among the 21 cases of type A used as the modifying structure, 3 cases used together with Zhi (之) were authentic Chinese sentences, and among the 18 cases of type A used without Zhi 12 cases were used in the α group and eight cases in the β group. B type of “Ukijimari” has 4 cases; it is a special usage. C type is certainly misuse, but it can be found only in the β group, so it is an example supporting the validity of the theory of categories in the Nihonshoki. Three examples of type D are correct Chinese sentences. 3) From the point of view of Ancient Chinese, 6 cases of Kojiki and 18 cases of Nihonshoki should be seen as all “prepositions” except for one case used as a verb in Kojiki. Therefore, I think that the 24 cases are perfect Chinese sentences, and they do not turn away from the theory of categories in the Nihonshoki. It seems preferable to read “~ni (at ~)” as a preposition rather than “~ni aru(to be at ~)” as a modifying structure. In the case of a modifying structure, I do not think that reading Zai as “~ni aru” is incorrect “reading”. That is because I think that it is necessary to acknowledge the special nature of reading by the difference between the structure of Ancient Chinese and the structure of Old Japanese.