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촌락 재구조화 연구에 대한 비판적 검토와 함의

A Critical Review on Rural Restructuring Studies and its Implications

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초록

현대의 촌락은 지리적, 경제적으로 스스로를 재생산하는 과정에서 공간⋅산업 구조의 극적 변화를 경험하고있다. 이런 변동은 개별 촌락이 처한 로컬 상황이나 국가의 제도적 차원뿐만 아니라 글로벌 스케일에서 이루어지고있는 식품 및 농산업 부문의 구조적 재편과 관련되어 있다. 1990년대 후반 이후 뚜렷이 부상하고 있는 촌락 재구조화 연구들은 이러한 다층적 스케일에서 나타나는 촌락의 다양한 지리적 변화를 야기하는 상부구조 또는 패러다임의변동을 고찰하고 있다. 본 논문은 촌락 재구조화에 대한 해외의 주요 연구 동향을 검토하고 주요 논점과 시사점을 도출하는 데에 목적을 둔다. 특히 촌락 재구조화의 연속성과 단절성 이슈, 생산주의-포스트생산주의 논제, 그리고 다기능성 개념을 집중적으로 검토한 후 주요 시사점을 도출한다. 한국의 경우에는 촌락 재구조화의 패러다임 변동이 뚜렷하게 나타나고 있지는 않지만, 촌락에 대한 전 세계적 패러다임의 변동은 한국의 촌락에도 적잖은 영향을 끼칠 것으로 추측된다.

Abstract

Contemporary rural societies are experiencing an unprecedently dramatic transformation of spatial and industrial structure in geo-economically reproducing themselves. It is associated with the structural changes in agricultural and food production industry not only at the local and national scales but also at the global scale. Studies on rural restructuring, which have sheer risen up since the late 1990s, investigate the global shift of superstructure or paradigm that overarches a wide range of rural geographic changes at multiple scales. This paper critically review key discussions and debates in rural restructuring studies, particularly focusing on three major issues, including the dis/continuity of rural restructuring process, the binary thesis of productivism vs. postproductivism, and the notion of multifunctionality. It conclusively suggests that the global paradigmatic shift of rural restructuring would bring about not negligible influence on rural societies in Korea.

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