역도시화인가 촌락 젠트리피케이션인가?: 개념적 적합성에 관한 고찰
Counterurbanization or Rural Gentrification?: An Investigation on Their Conceptual Appropriateness
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오랫동안 촌락은 도시에 대한 타자로서 정적이고, 자연적이며, 전통적인 공간으로 상상, 전유되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 여러 선진국에서는 인구학적 변화, 촌락 어메니티 향상, 교통·통신의 발달 등 다양한 요인으로 인해 이도향촌 및 촌락의 인구 재증가 현상이 나타나고 있다. 지리학을 포함한 사회과학에서는 이를 주로 인구 이동의 측면에서 역도시화라는 개념으로 설명해 왔지만 개념적 모호함이 지속되어 왔다. 한편, 보다 최근에는 사회지리적 시각에서 역도시화와 별도로 위의 현상을 촌락 젠트리피케이션이라는 틀에서 분석하는 연구가 대두되고 있다. 그러나 이 또한 개념적 정확성이나 접근 방법을 둘러싸고 여러 논쟁의 대상이 되어 왔을 뿐만 아니라, 보다 근본적으로는 두 개념의 관계를 어떻게 설정하는가의 문제가 잔존하고 있다. 본 논문은 이도향촌과 촌락의 인구 재증가를 둘러싼 이 두 접근의 특성, 공통점, 차이점 등을 검토해보고, 현대 촌락의 지리적 변화를 이해하는 데에 이를 어떻게 해석하는 것이 적합할지를 모색해 본다.
Abstract
For a long time, othered by the city, the rural space had been imagined and appropriated as static, natural, and traditional space. Yet, to the contrary to urbanization, most advanced capitalist economies have been experiencing urban to rural migration. It is affected by demographic transition, improvement in rural amenities, and elevated accessibility. In social science including human geography, rural repopulation has been studied with the concept of counterurbanization. But the concept is quite ambiguous and controversial in many aspects. More recently, some scholars approach it by drawing on the concept of rural gentrification. While the frame of rural gentrification contributes to rethinking rural repopulation from the structuralist perspective, its meaning as well as its relationship to counterurbanization remain unclear. This paper, by discussing several key issues around these concepts, explores the way in which we could more appropriately problematize rural repopulation.
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