조선시대 궁중 喪葬禮 미술 속의 정치적 祈願 — 보(黼)와 화충(華蟲) 도상을 중심으로 —

Abstract

Ritual object, used for royal court funeral during Joseon dynasty, had specific icons graved such as axe and pheasant. These icons came from ancient Chinese classic text such as 『Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial』, 『Book of Rites』, 『Rites of Zhou』 and especially the axe played a role as a symbol of the royal authority. The ground for all ritual objects engraved with specific icon, is in line with the idea that death is also a series of life. This view comes from Confucianism and is a visionary form of 'etiquette to dress up corpse as if it was alive'. This idea started in China, however spread all over East Asia, but aggressively admitted in Joseon ritual art, where they persue ancient tradition. After its adaption, the objects and their use slightly changed from origin to suit Joseon's condition. Scholars of Joseon explain the difference between China with diverse in corpse enshrine in casket and appellation of the ritual. Axe embroideries are often used in hearsecloth and related texts are shown in royal books. Also using pheasant decorated bier to carry the casket instead of dragon, pheasant, mountain, cloud and fire decorated wagon, is not an exotic act but to persue guidance from the elders and show legitimacy of the royal court, In other words, it the idea was used to keep the tradition at the same time. Royal authorities and the five virtues shown within the two icons, axe and pheasant, were to expose social status and identity of the dead. Even though their life on earth has ended, however their political contribution and will for their countries wealth and peace stayed with them and at the same time the desire for their last moment to 'stay magnificent like the first' be kept.