江右學者의 智異山 大源洞 유람과 공간인식

Abstract

“Daewondong(大源洞)” referred in this study is Dongcheon(洞天) where the Daewon Buddhist Temple(大源寺) is located in Mt. Jiri. It was first called Janghangdong(獐項洞) when it was first introduced to the world by Nammyeong(南冥) Jo Shik(曺植). It has been called Daewondong since Buddhist Master Woongwon(雲卷大師) named a Buddhist temple there Daewonam in 1685. It was overshadowed by nearby Deoksandong(德山洞) where Nammyeong's relics were, thus enjoying no recognition by people. For hundreds of years since then, it was merely regarded as a different world in a gourd bottle with magnificent landscapes. Only a couple of Gangwoo scholars(江右學者) visited it including Ha Su-il(河受一), Ha Hong-do(河弘度), and Jeong Shik(鄭栻). Entering the 19th century, Daewondong started to have different meanings as a “place where the huge source of truth came out.” After the course of “Deoksan - Daewon Buddhist Temple - Cheonwang Peak(天王峰)” opened up, in particular, a good number of Gangwoo scholars started to visit Daewondong. Tung Chungshu(董仲舒) said “The huge source of truth comes out” in Han Dynasty, China. Zhu Xi(朱熹) cited the expression in his The Doctrine of the Mean, which made Neo-Confucian scholars accept it just like a phrase in scriptures in Joseon. As the meaning of the Dongcheon name was changed, the titles of main buildings and pavilions at Daewon Buddhist Temple were changed from Buddhist terms to “Cheongwang(天光)” and “Woonyeong(暈影)” found in Thoughts from Reading by Zhu Xi. This phenomenon continued on until the middle 20th century. As it has been known, the main places representing “Nammyeong” in the zone of Mt. Ziri are “Deoksan” and the Cheonwang Peak. Daewondong was a separate place situated between them. In the 19th century, however, people began to prefer the course of “Deoksan - Daewondong - Cheonwang Peak” and made heavy use of “Deoksan” in whichever path to the Cheonwang Peak, which made nearly “Daewondong” reborn as a place of Nammyeong. During this period, Gangwoo scholars that made a journey to Daewondong tried to find Nammyeong there throughout their journey, which reflects changes to their perceptions of the place. In short, Daewondong had long been considered as a place with wonderful landscapes before the latter part of Joseon when it was regarded as the source of truth came out thanks to the development of Neo-Confucianism. In the 19th century, the combination of the unique situation faced by the Gangwoo region and the rapid changes to the circumstances of the times home and abroad increased the number of Gangwoo scholars wishing for the implementation of Nammyeong's spirit and making a journey to Deoksandong. Boosted by this, Daewondong, which had traces of Nammyeong, emerged as a scenic spot visited by many people just like Deoksan.