유람록으로 본 지리산의 인물과 그 형상

Abstract

There is a saying “Beauty is revealed through its beholder,” which suggests that spectacular scenery can only be remembered in the world by remarkable individuals and an encounter with them. This study set out to investigate the shapes of Mt. Jiri the ways that it was remembered by future generations through the figures of Mt. Jiri including Choi Chi-won(崔致遠), Han Yu-han(韓惟漢), Jeong Yeo-chang(鄭汝昌), and Jo Shik(曺植) with a focus on the records of Mt. Jiri excursions left by Joseon's literary figures. Those four sages left their traces in the mountain and were regarded as the figures of Mt. Jiri by future generations visiting the mountain. Choi Chi-won's relics are concentrated in Cheonghakdong(靑鶴洞) of Hadong in Mt. Jiri. Cheonghakdong was a Utopia among literary figures during Joseon. They visited Choi that became a Taoist hermit in Cheonghakdong, and Mt. Jiri was considered was an ideal Zen world where Taoist Hermit Choi Chi-won was residing. A recluse from Goryeo, Han Yu-han retired to hermitage in Sapam in Mt. Jiri to avoid Choi Chung-heon(崔忠獻)'s misgovernment. The royal court summoned him for a position in the government, but he drove himself deeper in the mountain, never came out, and kept his integrity. Since then, his life got to symbolize integrity among literary figures visiting the mountain during Joseon, and Sapam(鈒巖) and Mt. Jiri were remembered as the mountains of hermits where Han Yu-han used to hide out. One of the relics to represent Jeong Yeo-chang is Akyakjeong(岳陽亭) in Hadong. Akyakjeong fell into ruins with his death and was rebuilt in the early 20th century. Visitors to Mt. Jiri passed by the solitary site of his pavilion for hundreds of years, regarding it as the place to represent his life and academic and spiritual guide post and Mt. Jiri as the space to represent him as a virtuous gentleman. Jo Shik had his places in Deoksan(德山) and Cheonwangbong(天王峰) in Mt. Jiri. Deoksan has a variety of relics left including Sancheonjae where he spent his later years, and Cheonwangbong was the culmination of truth seeking he tried to pursue and the goal he tried to fulfill. In his later years, he moved to Deoksan in search of Cheonwangbong and lived there. Since then, many later-generation scholars visited Deoksan to miss him and cherished his spirit, looking up at Cheonwangbong. Deoksan, which used to be merely one of the valleys in Mt. Jiri, became a scenic spot only after an encounter with “Jo Shik.” Mt. Jiri was able to emerge as a celebrated mountain of innate virtue and truth seeking only after an encounter with a noted person called “Jo Shik.” The four sages lived different times and spaces in Mt. Jiri and left their traces of life only for a short while, but the collective memories of literary figures in Joseon over hundreds of years created different shapes fit for them individually. Mt. Jiri has long been remembered by later generations, being identified with those shapes.