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사회적 책임 활동이 기업 위험에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구: 종업원 만족도를 중심으로

Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Risk in Korea: Focusing on Employee Satisfaction

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임(CSR) 활동 및 하위항목인 종업원 만족도의 위험감소 효과를 분석하였다. 2005~2016년 KOSPI에 상장된 비금융업 회사를 대상으로 국내 CSR 대용변수에 따른 민감도 문제를 검증하고, 종업원이 시장에 내부정보를 공급함으로써 평판형성에 영향을 미쳐 기업의 위험에 영향을 주는지 조사하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국 주식시장에서 CSR 활동은 총위험, 비체계적 위험을 유의하게 감소시키며, 이는 CSR 변수 선택의 민감도 문제와 무관하다. 둘째, 종업원 만족도는 긍정적 내부정보를 공급함으로써 총위험과 비체계적 위험을 감소시키며, 개인투자자 비중이 높을수록 위험감소 효과가 컸다. 종업원 만족도의 위험감소 효과는 대규모 기업집단 소속여부와 무관하게 성립하여 대리인 문제에 기인한 것이 아니다. 본 연구는 CSR 대용변수의 민감도 문제에 대한 논의를 제공하고 내부정보의 대용변수로서 종업원 만족도의 유용성을 제시한다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Abstract

We examine whether CSR and employee satisfaction decrease risk in the KRX KOSPI listed non-financial firms during 2005~2016 period. We clarify that negative relation between CSR and both total risk and firm-specific risk is robust but relation between CSR and systematic risk could be sensitive to selection of CSR proxies. Thereby we complement academic debate in Korea whether negative relation between CSR and both systematic risk and firm-specific risk is robust. Further, we find that employee satisfaction can facilitate as a proxy variable of inside information by employee in Korea. Employee satisfaction significantly decreases both total risk and firm-specific risk and marginal effect is greater in stocks that individual investors trade more. Given heterogenous informational ability among investors and literature on CSR, employee satisfaction could provide good inside information and help to build good reputation among potential investors. Such information is more valuable for firms with poor informational environment. The risk decreasing effect from employee satisfaction is not driven from agency problem.

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