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기업의 사회적 책임과 주가급락 위험에 관한 연구

Corporate Social Responsibility and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from Korea

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 기업의 사회적 책임 활동의 수준(level) 및 변화(change)가 주가급락위험에 주는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 주가급락 위험은 이론적으로 투명성에 비례하여감소하는 바, 기업의 사회적 책임 활동이 활발할수록 투명성이 높다는 연구들과CSR이 클수록 대리인 문제가 크기 때문에 투명성이 낮다는 연구들은 흥미로운실증연구의 주제가 된다. 즉, 기업의 사회적 책임 활동이 기업정보의 투명성과 정(부)의관계에 있다면 주가급락 위험은 감소(증가)해야 할 것이다. 2004년부터 2011년까지 유가증권시장(KOSPI)에 상장된 제조업체를 대상으로 분석한결과, 기업 고유 속성을 통제한 후 기업의 사회적 책임 활동 수준은 주가급락 위험과유의한 음(-)의 관계에 있었다. 이는 미국 시장에서 동일한 주제에 대해 살펴본 Kim et al.(2014)의 연구결과를 지지한다. 또한 기업의 사회적 활동의 증가는 모든 모형에서주가급락 위험과 유의한 음(-)의 관계에 있었다. 한편, 한국시장을 대상으로 한 CSR 연구에서 많이 사용되는 KEJI 지수를 요인분석을 통해 세부 항목의 유용성에 대해검증을 시도하였다. KEJI 지수를 가장 잘 설명하는 하부 요인은 소비자보호 만족도, 환경보호 만족도, 경제발전 기여도였다.

Abstract

We examine the effect of a firm's corporate social responsibility(CSR) on the stock price crash risk. Whilst a firm's stock price crash risk increases with its opaqueness(Jin and Myers 2006), the effect of CSR on opaqueness is still controversial. Some researches argue that opaqueness decreases with CSR(Kim et al., 2012; Gelb and Strawser, 2001). Other researches report the opposite in that CSR could be from strategic motives and agency problem could intervene(Brown et al. 2006; Barnea and Rubin 2006). Thus, the relation becomes an empirical question. If CSR is negatively(positively) related to opaqueness, stock price crash risk will increase(decrease). Using Korean companies listed in the KOSPI from 2004 to 2011, we find significantly negative (-) relation between CSR level and stock price crash risk, after controlling firm specific characteristic variables. These findings support Kim et al.(2014), which pioneered the relationship between CSR and stock price crash risk with the U.S. data. Further, we show another significantly negative (-) relation between changes in the CSR and stock price crash risk, after the level of CSR is controlled. Lastly. we attempt to prove the utility of subsection in the KEJI index, which best explains KEJI from principal component factor analysis. Out of the seven categories that comprises KEJI, consumer protection, environment protection, and contribution to economic growth are factors that explains KEJI index best.

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