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노동시장정책개혁과 갈등해결의 방향: 국제비교

The Necessity and Direction of the Reform of Labor Market Policies in Korea: International Comparison

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분쟁해결연구센터 (Dankook Center for Dispute Resolution)|2016.12|분쟁해결연구 (Dispute Resolution Studies Review)|제14권 제3호|pp. 57-95|DOI 10.16958/drsr.2016.14.3.57

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참고문헌

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국제비교International ComparisonEducation System노동시장정책개혁혁신시스템복지시스템교육시스템정책공조Korean Labor Market PoliciesInnovation SystemWelfare SystemPolicy Coordination

초록

한국은 기술혁신과 세계화로 대기업과 중소기업에 의한 경제의 이중구조와 정규직과 비정규직에 의한 고용의 이중구조가 악화되고, 동시에 숙련퇴화의 속도가 빨라지면서 고령자의 빈곤화가 커지고 여성의 경력단절비용이 올라가며 교육과 노동시장의 괴리로 청년실업이 악화되고 있지만, 노동시장정책을 둘러싼 갈등이 커져 성장 및 생산성 둔화와 고용불안 및 소득불평등이 방치되고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 기존의 연구결과를 비교분석함으로써 밝히고 국제비교 관점에서 노동시장정책개혁과 갈등해결의 방향을 제시한다. 한국의 노동시장 현실을 고려하면 노동시장정책개혁은 법제도의 개혁을 넘어서야 하고, 생산물시장의 개혁을 포함해 새로운 경제성장모형을 만드는 차원에서 접근해야 하며, 기업의 고용과 임금 결정에 영향을 미치는 혁신시스템과 근로자의 노동시장참여에 영향을 미치는 복지시스템 그리고 노동시장의 균형에 영향을 미치는 교육시스템의 개혁과 연계해서 추진되어야 한다. 노동시장정책개혁에 따른 갈등을 줄이기 위해서는 정책의 방향을 생산성과 고용의 질 제고에 두고, 임금고용문제의 적극적 해결을 규정하고 있는 헌법과 고용불안이 민주주의 위기를 초래하는 정치사회 현실에 부응해 노동시장정책의 역할을 확대하며, 성장의 원리가 인적자본이 기술혁신을 주도하는 방향으로 변화하는데 맞추어 재정금융정책의 한계를 보완하고 일과 삶의 균형 추구 등 사회 통합적으로 노동시장정책 개혁을 추진해야 한다.

Abstract

This article discusses the necessity and direction of Korean labor market policies based on the impacts of technological innovation and globalization as well as ageing on wage and employment such as lowering small and medium enterprises’ wage and productivity, worsening the dual structures of both economy and employment, deepening the povertization of aged, raising the cost of women’s career disconnection and deteriorating overeducated youth’s unemployment. In spite of fundamental changes in labor markets the existing labor market-related policies have neglected the importance of skill and human capital formation failing to secure the quality of employment and social cohesion. Their lack of inter-linkage has caused high cost-low efficiency problem. Comparing international experiences it suggests the direction of reform of labor market policies which need to be coordinated with product market reforms especially de-regulating service industries to make innovation system for sme to raise productivity, welfare system for the aged workers and women to assist skill development and education system for youth to raise enterprises’ participation responsibility of firms.

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