汉语“AXAB”重叠词的来源与扩散假说
The Study on the Origin and Diffusion Hypothesis of Chinese “AXAB”
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초록
汉语中“AXAB”(糊里糊涂)的构词方式与阿尔泰语系的AXAB重叠方式相同，也就 是说，“AXAB”不是汉语固有的构词方式。本文旨在证明AXAB式词汇是受到了阿尔泰 语系，特别是蒙语的影响而形成的。 石锓在<论“A里AB”重叠形式的历史来源>(2005)中指出“A里AB”源于“A′B′AB”(急 留骨碌[*kiliəukulu](元代的拟音))。金元时期的“急留骨碌”是一种逆向变韵重叠词。“骨 碌”是基式，“急留”是“骨碌”的韵母发生变化重叠而产生的两个音缀。汉语的“逆向变 韵重叠”规则导致了“A′B′AB”重叠形式的形成，但关于“A′B′AB”式词语的第一个音节 为什么大都是入声字，学者们却未能给出明确的说明。本文认为，上述重叠式中第一 个音节之所以大都是入声字，是受到蒙语中的AbAB式重叠词(qabqara(漆黑))的影响所 致。 如果导致“AXAB”重叠词出现的最重要的原因是蒙语(阿尔泰语)，那么，这种形式 的词汇分布应该是以北方方言为主，而且会越往南越少。汉语的语言事实证明，南方 方言的粤语中没有“AXAB”重叠词，闽语、客家语中的“AXAB”的分布也很少(17%以 下)，而在晋语、官话地区及与官话区临近的中部吴语、湘语、徽语、赣语中的分布占 到了46-92%。这足以作为“AXAB”形式的重叠词汇是受到了蒙语的影响，在中国北方 最初开始使用的旁证。
Abstract
This paper studied the origin of the duplication form of “AXAB”, and also clarified how the duplication form of “AXAB” was formed by the influence of Altaic languages. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, “AXAB” was influenced by the Altaic language, especially the Mongolian language. Second, “A′B′AB” in Mongolian and the reverse change of rhyme in Chinese got to make the form of “AXAB” in Chinese. The form of “A′B′AB” was transformed into the form of “AliAB” by the weakening phenomenon and the analogy phenomenon, and also by the influence of the adverb suffix “li”(里) in Yuan dynasty. Finally, we prove that the ‘AXAB diffusion hypothesis’ is correct through the dialect distribution, and the AXAB are spreading from the north to the south.
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