中国高等院校治理模式数字化转型路径探析 ——基于五所“双一流”大学的案例比较
Analysis of the Digital Transformation Path of Governance Models in Chinese Higher Education Institutions ——A Comparative Case Study of Five “Double First-Class” Universities
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초록
在教育数字化转型纵深推进的时代背景下，中国高等教育机构正经历着治理模式创新与制度体系重塑的双重变革。为系统揭示数字技术与大学治理体系的深度融合机制，本研究以理性选择制度主义为理论框架，选取清华大学、北京大学、浙江大学、复旦大学和上海交通大学五所“双一流”建设高校作为典型案例，综合运用文献分析、案例研究与比较研究等方法，深入考察数字技术嵌入高校治理的制度逻辑与实践路径。研究发现，中国高校的数字治理正经历由“技术工具应用”向“制度体系重构”的范式跃迁，整体呈现出平台集成、数据驱动与多元参与的核心特征。受制于不同的资源禀赋、发展战略与问责逻辑，各校分别形成了流程再构型、参与驱动型与规范导向型三种差异化转型路径，揭示出“制度设计—技术平台—治理行为”之间的动态耦合关系。在此基础上，研究进一步构建了中国高校数字治理优化模型，并提出“战略引领—制度嵌入—技术整合—生态培育”四位一体的现代化治理路径，以期为高等教育治理体系的数字化转型提供系统化的理论支撑与可操作的实践参考。
Abstract
Amid the deepening advancement of educational digital transformation, China’s higher education institutions are undergoing a dual reform characterized by the innovation of governance models and the reconstruction of institutional systems. To systematically explore the mechanism of deep integration between digital technology and university governance, this study adopts a rational choice institutionalism framework and selects five “Double First-Class” universities—Tsinghua University, Peking University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University—as representative cases. Employing a mixed methodology that combines literature analysis, case studies, and comparative research, the study investigates the institutional logic and practical pathways of digital technology embedded in university governance. The findings reveal that China’s digital governance in higher education has undergone a paradigm shift from the instrumental application of technology toward the reconstruction of institutional systems, exhibiting the key characteristics of platform integration, data-driven governance, and multi-actor participation. Influenced by varying resource endowments, strategic orientations, and accountability pressures, the sampled universities demonstrate three differentiated transformation trajectories—process reengineering-oriented, participation-driven, and norm-guided—which together illuminate the dynamic coupling mechanism linking institutional design, technological platforms, and governance behaviors. Building upon the empirical analysis, this study develops an optimization model for digital governance in Chinese universities, and proposes a four-dimensional modernization pathway integrating strategic guidance, institutional embedding, technological integration, and ecosystem cultivation. The findings offer theoretical insights and practical implications for advancing the digital transformation of higher education governance systems.