중국의 잠수함·수중무기체계 현대화 동향과 작전 운용에 관한 소고(小考)
A Study on Modernization Trends and Operational Strategy of China’s Submarines and Underwater Weapons Systems
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초록
본 연구는 중국해군의 잠수함과 수중무기체계 현대화 동향, 중국해군의 잠수함 운용전략과 대잠작전(ASW) 전술을 고찰하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국은 핵잠수함과 디젤 잠수함을 해양 A2/AD 전력의 핵심 전력으로 인식하고 현대화 중이다. 특히 진(晉)(Jin)급에 이어 신형 탕(唐)(Tang)급 SSBN과 상(商)(Shang)급 SSN은 중국의 재래식 및 핵 공격을 극대화시켜 줄 것이다. 둘째, 중국해군의 수중무기체계는 어뢰에서 대잠로켓까지 다양하며, 현대화 중으로 우리 해군의 대응 방안 강구가 시급하다. 셋째, 중국은 남중국해와 대만 위기 시 잠수함을 美 항모강습단을 공격하는 전력으로 운용할 것이다. 마지막으로 중국은 ASW 전술을 개발하면서 수상함과 대잠(對潛)항공기의 ASW 능력도 강화 중이다. 따라서 한국해군은 중국 등 주변국과 북한의 잠수함 탐지 수단과 공격수단을 지속 발전시켜야 한다. 첫째, P-8 초계기, Sea Guardian 무인기 등을 도입하여 장거리·장시간 잠수함 탐지 능력 보강, 둘째, 원근해 수중음향감시체계(SOSUS)와 자기센서 설치·운용, 셋째, 기존 수상함과 잠수함의 소나, 어뢰 등 공격 수단의 AI 기반 현대화와 핵잠수함 확보, 마지막으로 단독 또는 한·미 ASW 훈련을 강화하여 ASW 수행 능력을 향상해야 한다.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the modernization trends and operational strategy of China’s submarines and underwater weapons systems and suggest the ROK Navy’s counter-strategy. This study draws the following conclusions. First, the Chinese Navy recognizes nuclear and diesel submarines as core assets in its maritime A2/AD forces and continues to modernize them. In particular, new-coming Tang-class SSBNs and new advanced Sang-class SSNs will maximize China’s conventional and nuclear attack capabilities. Second, the Chinese Navy’s underwater weapon systems are diverse from torpedoes to Anti-Submarine Warfare(ASW) rockets, and it is urgent to develop countermeasures for the ROK Navy as it is continuously modernized. Third, China will actively use submarines as a forward deployed force during crises in the South China Sea and Taiwan Straits. Finally, as China continues to develop ASW tactics, it continues to develop ASW capabilities and tactics for surface ships and anti-submarine aircraft, including rotary and fixed wings. Therefore, the ROK Navy must continue to develop submarine detection means and strategies against submarine threats from China and North Korea. First, submarine detection capabilities should be reinforced with the acquisition of P-8 MPA and Sea Guardian unmanned aerial vehicles, etc. Second, new sensors, such as SOSUS and magnetic sensors should be installed and operated in the East Sea and East China Sea, including Ieo Island areas. Third, existing surface ships and submarines’ sonar and torpedoes should be also continuously modernized with AI-based technologies. In particular, ASW combat systems that can quickly detect, analyze, and respond to targets by applying AI-based technology must also be continuously developed. Finally, it is also necessary for the ROK Navy to strengthen its ASW capabilities with ROK-US ASW exercises and ASW-related information-sharing systems.
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