도덕심리학의 흐름 및 쟁점과 도덕과교육의 과제
History and Current Issues of Moral Psychology and Tasks of Moral Education
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도덕심리학은 인간의 도덕적 또는 비도덕적 행위와 관련된 요인과 심리적 메커니즘, 그리고 도덕발달에 대해 연구하는 학문이다. 도덕과교육의 배경 학문으로서 도덕심리학은 아동과 청소년의 도덕발달에 대한 경험적 연구를 통해 도덕과교육 전반에 기여해왔다. 본 연구는 도덕심리학의 주요 흐름과 다양한 이론들을 고찰하고 핵심 쟁점들을 살펴봄으로써 향후 도덕과교육의 과제와 방향 설정을 탐색하는 것을 목표로 한다. 도덕심리학 이론들은 인간의 어떠한 특성에 주목하는지, 도덕을 어떻게 정의하는지, 어떠한 연구방법에 의거했는지에 따라 매우 다양하다. 그 이론들의 입장이 모두 일치하지는 않으며 간혹 서로 상충하기도 하고 서로 보완하기도 하면서 인간의 도덕성에 대한 통찰을 주기도 하고 통합적 도덕성에 대한 아이디어를 제공하기도 한다. 도덕심리학의 연구들은, 인지ㆍ정의ㆍ행동의 통합뿐만 아니라, 도덕적 영역과 인습적 영역의 통합, 보편적 도덕성과 구체적이고 맥락적인 도덕성의 통합 등 도덕성의 다양한 차원들이 도덕성의 함양에 반영되어야 함을 경험적으로 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
Moral psychology is a field of study about the cause and mechanism of moral or immoral behavior, and moral development. Moral psychology as one of scientific backgrounds for moral education has contributed to the whole area of curriculum development in the elementary and secondary moral education through descriptive empirical research related to children's and adolescents' moral development. The aim of this article is to offer an overview of history and influential theories in the field of moral psychology, discuss core current issues in this field, and then, finally, explore tasks and new directions of the elementary and secondary moral education. Moral developmental theories are varied in accordance with the applied research methods, the way of defining morality and moral domain, and the focus of viewing human nature. These theories have usually different viewpoints, come into conflict with one another, or try to integrate strengths of each of those approaches. As a result, these characteristics can give insights and ideas about human morality and integrated morality. Studies in the area of moral psychology suggest the convergence towards moral development and the cultivation of morality, through the integration of cognition, emotion and action, the integration of moral domain and conventional domain, and the integration of universal morality and the specific and contextualised morality.
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