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미국 대학과 기업간 연계의 발전 과정에 대한 역사적 고찰

Development of Interactions between Higher Education Institutions and Companies in the U.S.

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키워드

주제분류지리학

초록

지식이 경쟁력을 결정짓는 주요 원천으로 강조되고 있으며, 고등 교육을 필요로 하는 지식 인력에 대한 수요가 크게 늘어난 지식 기반 사회에서, 대학 교육과 경제 발전의 관계가 점차 강조되고 있다. 대학들은 최근 변화의 시대에 직면하여 교육 기능과 더불어 대학 연구의 상품화나 기업가 정신의 고양에 힘쓰고 있는 한편, 기업들은 빠르게 변화하고 점차 복잡해지는 기술 환경 속에서 외부와의 연계를 추구하고 있다. 이에 따라 대학들은 기업들의 혁신 과정에 공헌함으로써 국가와 지역 경제 발전에 이바지하고 있다. 본 연구는 발전된 대학 교육 시스템과 효율적으로 운영되는 대학과 기업간 연계를 보여주고 있는 미국의 사례를 역사적으로 고찰하여 우리나라의 대학과 기업간 연계에 대한 연구에 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 미국 대학의 종류와 특성을 살피고, 대학과 기업간 연계의 발전 과정을 역사적으로 분석하며, 미국이 세계적인 경쟁 우위를 가지고 있는 정보 기술 분야를 사례로 산업의 특성과 대학과 기업간 연계의 발전 과정을 정리한다. 끝으로 복잡하고 다층적인 대학과 기업간 연계 관계의 주요 유형들을 정리하여 대학과 기업 연계에 대한 이후 연구에 개념적 틀을 제시한다.

Abstract

knowledge has become a primary source of competitiveness, and knowledge workers, people whose jobs require formal and advanced schooling, are one of the fastest growing groups in workforce. With the rise of a knowledge-based economy, higher education has been increasingly emphasized in economic development. Colleges and universities have recently added translation of research into products and new enterprises to their educational functions while companies have increased their external links to keep pace with rapidly changing and increasingly complex business environments. These changes have strengthened the role of colleges and universities in industrial innovation which is a key to economic development. This research reviews characteristics of U.S. higher education and development of interactions between higher education institutions and companies in the U.S. The case of IT industries, where U.S. has a competitive edge, provides specific examples and implications. Four major routes of interactions between higher education institutions and companies are suggested to provide a research framework for future studies in this area.

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