베드로 오순절 설교의 요엘 인용문 연구- 성서의 전승사적 고찰을 중심으로
A Study on the Joel Quotation in the Peter's Pentecost Speech: With particular considerations to the Traditions of the Old Testament
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본 논문은 베드로의 오순절 설교(행 2:14-41)에 나오는 요엘 인용문(3:1-5a MT/2,28-31a LXX)을 그 전승사적 흐름에 집중하여 고찰하였다. 기존 연구와는 달리 단순히 인용문의 자료 출처를 찾는데 그치지 않고, 추정 자료인 칠십인역 분석을 통하여 구약성서 히브리어 본문에서 사도행전에 이르기까지의 중간 과정을 살펴보았다. 추정자료에 관한 심화된 연구는 구약성서와 신약성서를 이어주는 성서의 전승사를 보다 명확하게 밝혀준다는 점에서 중요하다. 이러한 고찰을 통하여 얻은 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사도행전 요엘 인용문의 자료인 칠십인역은 히브리어 본문을 기계적으로 번역하지 않았다. 두 가지 중요한 차이점이 드러난다. 칠십인역의 ‘하느님의 영’의 수여에 관한 표현은 유배 이후 ‘하느님의 영’의 수여가 특정 개인에게 한정되어 있지 않고 모든 백성들에게 부어질 것이라는 기대와 일치하며, 민수기(11:17.25)에서 모세의 영이 일흔 원로들에게 나누어 부어진 것을 상기시킨다. 또한 심판의 날인 ‘야웨의 날’을 구원이 암시된 ‘크고 빛나는 주님의 날’로 묘사한 것은 ‘야웨의 날’이 유배 이후 이스라엘의 구원과 회복의 날로 의미가 변한 것과 조화를 이루며, 요엘 3장의 종말론적 구원 메시지와 부합한다. 이를 통하여 칠십인역 요엘은 당시의 역사적 상황과 문화, 그리고 번역자의 신학이 반영된 일종의 성서 ‘해석’이었음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 누가는 베드로 오순절 설교에서 칠십인역을 기초로 하여 요엘 예언을 인용하였지만, 이를 수동적으로 따르지 않았다. 그는 요엘 예언이 오순절 성령강림 사건에서 성취되었다는 것을 선언하며, 성령의 오심이 ‘마지막 날’의 시작이라고 말하고 있다. 누가는 칠십인역 요엘 본문에 자신의 신학적 목적과 더불어 구약성서에 관한 초대교회의 구전이나 문헌 전승을 반영하여 메시지를 전달하였다.
Abstract
This paper discussed the Joel quotation(3:1-5a MT/ 2:28-31a LXX) in the Peter's Pentecost speech(Acts. 2:14-41). While most precedent studies have focused on finding the sources of Luke that are from the Old Testament, we have conducted examinations using diachronic method, the Joel quotation with particular considerations to the Septuagint tradition. In-depth studies on the estimated sources is important in that they clearly demonstrate the history of Bible transmission from the Old Testament to the New Testament. Findings from this study are as follows. First, the Septuagint Joel text has not automatically translated the Hebrew text. Two differences are significant. The Septuagint description of 'pouring out the Spirit' connects to the Jewish expectation that God would pour out the Spirit to every man and it refers to the distribution of the Spirit which was upon Moses to the seventy elders(Num. 11: 17.25). Septuagint also described the Day of the Lord, the decisive time of judgment that the Old Testament often discusses, as 'great and manifest', the day of the salvation. This interpretation is reflective of the post-exile understanding of the Day of the Lord and concords with the eschatological salvation message of the Joel chapter 3. Reflecting the historical circumstances and culture of the time, the translator offered not only 'translation' but also 'interpretation.' Second, although Luke used the Septuagint text, as his source of the Joel, he refused to passively follow it. He proclaimed that the Joel's prophecy has been fulfilled in the pouring out the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. He was saying here that the coming of the Spirit is the beginning of 'the last day.' Luke reflected his own theological perspectives, and influences from other written and oral traditions of the early church about the Old Testament in his Joel quotation.
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