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제2성전기 유대교 문헌과 사도행전에소개된 성령의 담화39 비교연구

Holy Spirit’s Speech in the Second Temple Jewish literature and the Acts of the Apostles

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초록

성령의 담화 측면에서 제2성전기 유대교 문헌과 신약성경이 사도행전을 분석하는 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 주의 사자의 명령(행 8:26)에 의해 빌립은 북쪽으로 가던 발걸음을 돌려남쪽으로 향하고 있었는데, 이 때 성령은 그로 하여금 에디오피아 내시에게다가가 복음을 전하게 하셨다(8:29). 하늘에서 ‘큰 보자기 같은 것’의 환상을보고(10:11) 하늘의 음성을 들은(10:13, 15) 베드로는 “일어나 내려가 의심하지 말고 함께 가라 내가 그들을 보내었느니라” 하시는 성령의 명령을 듣는다(10:20). 성령은 주의 사자 및 하늘 음성보다 더 구체적인 지시를 내리신다. 이어 성령은 수리아의 안디옥 교회 지도자들에게 바나바와 사울을 따로 세우라고 말씀하신다(13:2). 이러한 성령의 담화는 이방 선교와 연관되고 힘든사역을 요구한다. 게다가 성령은 바울(20:23)과 바울 전도대(21:11)에게도 말씀하시는데, ‘바울이 예루살렘에게 결박과 환란을 만날 것이라’는 내용이다. 담화를 통해 성령님은 축복이 아니라 핍박에 대해 알리신다. 반면, 제2성전기 유대교 문헌에서는 성령의 담화와 관련하여 다른 내용이예상된다. 사해문헌에서 성령의 담화는 어려움보다는 치료, 평강, 장수, 다산, 영원한 축복, 영원한 기쁨(1QS IV 6-7; 4Q504 1-2 V, 16)과 연관된다. 성령의 담화를 통해 약속의 땅이 대속될 것이 기대된다(1QS IX, 2-5). 하지만사도행전에 소개된 성령의 담화는 제자들로 하여금 이방인들에게 복음을 전하게 한다. 제2성전기 유대교 문헌에서 성령은 주로 특별한 ‘지식’을 주시는분으로 그려진다(4Q504 4, 4-5; 필로의 요셉의 생애 110-115). 하지만 사도행전 성령의 담화에는 정보보다는 지시사항이 많다. 제2성전기 유대교 문헌과 비교해 볼 때, 사도행전의 관심사는 제자들의 반응에 있다. 이 논문의 결론은 ‘제2성전기 유대교 문헌과 사도행전이 성령의 담화 견지에서 각각 다른 특징을 가진다’는 것이다.

Abstract

This study examines all the Second Temple Jewish literature and the Acts of the Apostles in terms of the Holy Spirit’s speech. In Acts there are the Holy Spirit’s speech in 8:29, 10:19-20, 13:2, 20:23, and 21:11. By saying to Philip, who changed his moving direction from the North to the South by the commandment of an angel of the Lord (8:26), the Spirit makes him draw near to the eunuch and talk about the gospel (8:29). Peter, who saw the vision of “an object something like a large sheet descending” (10:11) and heard of a heavenly voice (10:13, 15), hears the Spirit make an order, that is, “Rise and go down and accompany them without hesitation, for I have sent them” (10:20). The Spirit speaks more concrete instructions than the angel of the Lord and the heavenly voice. In addition, the Spirit speaks to the leaders of the Antioch church to set apart Barnabas and Saul (13:2). All these speeches are related to the Gentile mission and demand a hard work. Further, the Spirit tells Paul (20:23) and Paul’s mission team (21:11) that Paul will encounter imprisonment and afflictions in Jerusalem. In speech, the Holy Spirit informs them not of blessings but of persecution. However, we can read a different expectation at Second Temple Jewish literature in relation to the Holy Spirit’s speech. In the Dead Sea scrolls the Spirit’s speech is connected with blessings such as healing, great peace in a long life, fruitfulness, everlasting blessing, eternal joy (1QS IV 6-7; 4Q504 1-2 V, 16), rather than with difficulties. The Holy Spirit’s speech will make the promised land be redeemed (1QS IX, 2-5), but in Acts the Spirit’s speech guides the disciples to proclaim the gospel to the Gentiles. In Second Temple Jewish literature the Holy Spirit mainly gives special knowledge (4Q504 4, 4-5; Philo’s On the Life of Joseph 110-115), but in Acts the Spirit’s speech give a direction rather than an information. In comparison with Second Temple Jewish literature, Acts concerns the disciples’ response. This study concludes that there are different features between Second Temple Jewish literature and the Acts of the Apostles in relation to the Holy Spirit’s speech.

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